1. Urban Geography Spatial development of towns/citiesSpatial development of towns/cities Variations between citiesVariations between cities Variations within citiesVariations within cities

2. Urbanism Way of lifeWay of life Attitudes/valuesAttitudes/values Patterns of behaviorPatterns of behavior

3. Cities as engine of growth Mobilizing functions Decision-making functions Generative functions Transformative functions

4. Urban system Interdependent set of cities in a region Urbanization generated by elites Tribute/taxes flow into elite, developing center

5. xxxxxx Ancient cities Erbil, northern Iraq

6. Ancient Greece, 750 to 490 BCE Independent city-states, laid out on axis with central square

7. The Roman Empire “All roads lead to Rome” (1 million in AD 100)

8. Trajan’s Forum, Rome

9. The Coliseum, Rome

10. Roman Theater, Rome Theaters Throughout the Roman Empire, 200 CE

11. Classical Architecture from the Greeks and Romans Arches and columns

12. The Medieval City in Europe (450 to 1300) Dark Ages breakdown in order; Medieval Age centered on Catholic Church; Defensive structures, walls; Cities not growing

13. Medieval Castles in France Feudalism as Economic model Lords and peasants (serfs)

14. Gothic Architecture

15. Cologne Cathedral, Germany Church and Architecture

16. Notre Dame de Paris

18. Narrow, Twisty Medieval Streets Vienna, Austria

19. Other European city characteristics Plazas High density Low skyline Lively downtown Neighborhood stability Symbolism Good municipal services

23. Trade City Merchant capitalism emerges 1400s-1500s; Gradually replaces feudalism Mediterranean Sea ports Baltic/North Sea ports (Hanseatic League)

24. Venice canals

25. The Renaissance and Baroque Periods (1500 to 1800) Baroque Amsterdam

26. Boulevards and “Third Places”

27. Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna. Austria

28. Winter palace, St. Petersburg, Russia

29. Versailles, France

30. Buckingham Palace, London

31. Big Ben, London

32. Westminster Abbey, London

33. Parliament Houses of Parliament, London

34. London Tower

35. Arc de Triomphe, Paris

36. Rediscovery of Classical Greco- Roman model

37. Paris

38. Industrial Revolution: Steam engine Steel Loom Industrial capitalist City (1800 on)

39. Colonial City Established as colonial commercial or administrative center Associated with particular resource (coffee, gold, cacao, etc.) Often a port

40. Colonial City Fort European Town Native town

41. Modernism Industrialization Automobiles “Geography of Nowhere”

42. World Urban Dwellers

43. xxxxxx

44. Urban percentage of population

45. Urban growth rates 4/5 growth in Periphery (esp. in wars); 50% under poverty line

46. xxxxxx

47. Top 30 cities that are Core 1950 21 1980 11 2010 5

48. Primate cities Primary, largest city (usually capital) much larger than others in country London, Paris, Mexico City, Cairo

49. Gateway City Link (door) to another country or region because of location Hong Kong (China-world) Buffalo (U.S.-Canada)

50. World cities Disproportionate share of global cultural influence “Where world’s business is done” Imperial capitals became corporate centers

51. World cities 3 centers in Tripolar Economy: New York, London, Tokyo

52. Urban Morphology in the U.S. 1. Walking City 2. Electric Streetcar Era 3. Early Automobile Era 4. Freeway Era

53. Stages of intraurban growth

54. The Walking City (until 1880s)

55. Electric Streetcar Era (1888-1920) Arteries, early suburbs

56. Early Automobile Era (1920-1945) Partition, expansion

57. Freeway Era (1945 on) Cold War origins; suburbanization

59. Suburbs building into natural areas, and paying the consequences

60. Central Place Theory Explaining the relative size /function of urban centers as a function of economic behavior Range: Maximum distance buyer will travel Threshold: Minimum market size

61. xxxxxx Central Place Theory in Spain

62. Rank-Size Rule (U.S.) 2nd largest city 1/2 size of 1st 3rd largest city 1/3 size of 1st…..etc. etc. Philadelphia ranked 5th, 1/5th of NY Regional centers –Denver, Atlanta, Chicago, etc.

63. xxxxxx

64. Shock City Rapid economic and socio-cultural changes, population growth

65. Urban growth: Metro areas

68. Hinterland Area within economic “orbit” of a major regional center Economic flows toward big city; –Cultural influence from big city NW Wisconsin hinterland of Twin Cities Southern Wisconsin hinterland of Chicago

69. Southeastern Wisconsin

70. Bird’s-Eye View of Neenah-Menasha

71. Fox Valley, Wisconsin Hydropower Farming Timber Paper Port of Green Bay