1. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk IEAS 2011 Dr. Ljupcho Antovski The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Security DemocracyEasy to use

2. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Content 1 1 Background Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems in the past Development of voting technologies Security Ease of Use Results Tabulation Systems Implementation Triangle Opportunities today Challenges today CS 1: Integrated Election Information System CS 2: Supporting all the processes in a Counting Center CS 3: Real time results iVote results system Collecting election materials The future of Elections Ubiquitous Elections Audit Other possible future directions Election systems worldwide Conclusions

3. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Background 1 1 Cofounder and CEO of Innovation Innovation - iVote™ Elections Platform Professor of software engineering at the University of Skopje President of the Technical Committee for ICT at the Macedonian Standardization Institute Regional experience in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania.

4. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems in the past 2 2 Electrographic Vote Recorder and Register The paper ballot system Mechanical lever voting machines Punch card systems Optical Scan Direct Recording Electronic (DRE)

5. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 3 3 Development of voting technologies

6. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 4 4 Security

7. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 5 5 Security Cryptography - digital certificates, digital signatures, encryption Access to the System and Transmitting Data The first line of defense in any system is physical security Firewalls Antivirus software Well-Defined Standards

8. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 6 6 Ease of Use Usability is the ease of use and learnability of a human-made object [Wikipedia] Usability is often overlooked when purchasing election ICT technology Effectiveness Efficiency Satisfaction

9. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 7 7 Results Tabulation Systems The case of Innovation iVote™ Elections Platform 2006-2011 All processes redesigned to be user - centric Employed specialists in human-computer interaction We constantly monitor the processes from the beginning to the end (Look and feel) New generation of users with different needs The main focus is on Usability

10. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 8 8 Why do We need a perfect results Tabulation System Speed Power Flexibility Easy generation of aggregated of information in less time

11. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 9 9 Perfect results Tabulation System Summary and detailed analysis Historical statistics Powerful reports offer advanced data retrieval

12. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 10 Implementation Triangle Usability Security Budget and Time Planning

13. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 11 Opportunities today Internet voting Touch screen systems People with disabilities to vote by themselves, easily and in secrecy Higher voter turnout Reduced overall cost to operate and manage the election process Faster vote counting and delivery of the final election results

14. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 12 Challenges today Election laws - time and difficulty of changing Voter confidence in the system Equal access to Internet Lack of training Not enough planning Time and cost

15. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 13 CS 1: Integrated Election Information System The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina Complex electoral system More than 10 different types of election races Plurality voting, open lists, referendum.

16. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 14 Election laws Elicitation of client needs Time and Cost planning CS 1: Integrated Election Information System

17. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk 15 Integrity Convenience Security iVote supports open and closed lists and different kind of voting models Enables automatic evaluation of the results from the election process for all the possible types CS 1: Integrated Election Information System

18. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk CS 1: Integrated Election Information System 16

19. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk The case of Kosovo Frequent changes in the Materials Election areas Material flow Undocumented procedures Unstable information system Lead to: difficulties in the Risk Management procedures Additional time spend Doubt in functionality of the system CS 2: Supporting all the processes in a Counting Center 17

20. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Detailed discussions with the client Avoiding frequent changes or Applying strict procedures - Risk and Change Management Analysis and comparison of different election process CS 2: Supporting all the processes in a Counting Center 18

21. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Smooth and easy performance of election processes, with better image and control The best possible way to create processes that are accountable and efficient Collect all the required data for validation and verification of the: Final Voters Lists, Conditional Ballot Envelopes, Regular Result Forms, Batch Result Forms Tracking for all the documents that are received into the Counting and Results Center Administration of the flow of the materials in different areas in the Counts and Results Center CS 2: Supporting all the processes in a Counting Center 19

22. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk CS 2: Supporting all the processes in a Counting Center 20

23. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk CS 3: Real time results The case od Macedonia A need for a new, improved, integrated information system that would enable a real time (LIVE) presentation of the results to the public. 21

24. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk CS 3: Real time results Studying the possibility for a new, innovative and effective way to present real time data Technological challenges Interesting user interface for presentation for different types of public 22

25. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk The results can be presented in a timely manner for all election races Review of the candidates in a particular political party Citizens’ reaction From hundreds to unprecedented 2.2 million page views on the results web site Visits from 80 countries Social Networking (Facebook referring more than 25%) Focus – USABILITY CS 3: Real time results 23

26. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk CS 3: Real time results 24

27. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk iVote results system Early parliamentary elections 2011 - Macedonia 25

28. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk iVote results system Early parliamentary elections 2011 - Macedonia 26

29. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Collecting election materials Bosnia and Herzegovina – by Municipality Kosovo – one counting center Macedonia – efforts for collection of data at the poling station level 27

30. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Focus in the future development of iVote Smooth and easy performance Transparency Integrity, convenience and security Accountable and efficient Customizable User-friendliness 28

31. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Challenges of using Mobile devices 29

32. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk The future of Elections: Social Elections No paper ballots, no need for complex elections Maybe still have some e-voting elements Seamless, based on Social Networking Like Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Amazon do for advertisements’ personalization Election choice will be based on the electronic profile of the citizen 30

33. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Ubiquitous Integration and Control Social media and mobile devices contribute to the possibilities for UBIQUITUS INFORMATION FLOW which means enormous integration in all aspects Better control and prevention of illegal actions Not only tabulation but also audit and early warning system Comparison algorithms, f.e. Signatures in Final Voter List & Used Ballots Used Ballots & SUM ( Valid Ballots + Invalid Ballots + Blank Ballots) 31

34. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Audit Are recounts necessary to verify the election outcomes? Any unintentional errors? Fraud? Continuous improvement in the conduct of the elections processes Promoting public confidence in elections 32

35. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Other possible FAR future directions Tabulation-integrated systems based on peoples' attitudes and perceptions Non-invasive ubiquitous external sensors reading data from different centers in our brains Process the brain data for: political orientation emotional view on candidates social requirements and expectations rational reasoning Choose the closed matching candidate using fuzzy logic reasoning and neural networks 33

36. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Election systems worldwide 35

37. The Future of Electronic Counting and Tabulation Systems Worldwide Dr. Ljupcho Antovski ljupco.antovski@innovation.com.mk Conclusions The main concerns of the software developers at the moment are security, time and resources issues Designing for usability Include human-computer interaction experts in the teams User –centric process reengineering Plan sufficient time Plan sufficient budget Build trust in the system 34