1. Portrait of The Artist as A Young Man Chapter 3

2. Stephen only interested in being gratified; Discusses food with the same passion as the sin of lying with prostitutes: "What did it avail him to pray when he knew that his soul lusted after it's own destruction." (72). " He stooped to the evil of hypocrisy with others, skeptical of their innocence which he could cajole so easily". (72) He attends a religious retreat and hears sermons preached by Father Arnall -he questions religion (75) -listening to father Arnall before attending the retreat he feels guilty : " his heart had withered up like a flower of The desert... Stephen feels guilt and undergoes punishments- the POV is his experience, solely (72). Stephen dwells on his mortal sins as if they are a badge of triumph, but eventually fears the retribution of God Pride is his primary motivation to repent: 1. Leads him to believe that his sins are too grave for forgiveness 2. Leads him to think that the sermon was all about him 3. Causes him to dream of a personal vision of hell 4. Leads him to imagine reconciliation coming to him, instead of him asking for it

3. "Became a child's soul again" at the retreat (77) Focus of retreat: death, judgement, hell and heaven, seen through Stephen's reaction to hearing the sermons: " a thick fog seemed to compass his mind" (79) "...he had sunk to the state of a beast that licks his chaps after meat" (79) "... the body that was his stood, listless and dis honored, gazing out of darkened eyes, helpless, perturbed and human..." (79) "The preacher blew death into his soul" (79) "Death is certain" (81) " O grave, where is thy victory?/O death, where is thy sting." (81) Allusion to Adam and Eve - foil to Stephen and Emma; Stephen experiences a mental tour of hell and "wakes up" to know that he was not damned (89)

4. Decides he will repent Pride is his primary motivation to repent: 1. Leads him to believe that his sins are too grave for forgiveness (97) 2. Leads him to think that the sermon was all about him 3. Causes him to dream of a personal vision of hell(98) "His eyes were dimmed with tears and, looking humbly up to heaven, he wept for the innocence he had lost"(99) "One soul was lost; a tiny soul: his." (100) 4. Leads him to imagine reconciliation coming to him, instead of him asking for it He is 16 years old and has committed many sins He leaves the church and feels forgiven- "The ciborium had come to him" (104)