1. By Prof. A. Damodaran Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore
Collective Marketing: Adding Value With Geographical Indications, Certification Marks and Collective Marks By
Prof. A. Damodaran
Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore

2. Geographical Indications
An indication, appellation, device that is used to identify
Agricultural, natural or manufactures goods
Originating from a specified geographical region
And essential qualities of the goods attributable to the region
Most Commonly GIs comprise of name of the place of origin- Not mandatory However

3. Essentials A Product (no a process/service) A geographical Region
Link between the Product and the Region

4. Examples

5. GI Laws Provide… Restriction on use of GI without authorization
Prevents Registration/Use of GI as Trademarks
Grant of monopoly to owner of the GI and its registered users
Remedies for infringement

6. International Conventions
Article 22.1 of the TRIPS Agreement defines geographical indications as
“…indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member [of the World Trade Organization], or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin”
Article 1(2) of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883 (Paris Convention) refers to “indications of source” and “appellations of origin” as objects of industrial property

7. Protection of Appellations of Origin through registration
Lisbon Agreement on Protection of Appellations of Origin 1958: Article 2 defines Appellations of Origin “…the geographical denomination of a country, region, or locality, which serves to designate a product originating therein, the quality or characteristics of which are due exclusively or essentially to the geographical environment, including natural and human factors.”
Protection of Appellations of Origin through registration
Protection accorded for? (Article 3)
“…any usurpation or imitation, even if the true origin of the product is indicated or if the appellation is used in translated form or accompanied by terms such as "kind," "type," "make," "imitation," or the like.”

8. Registration of GI International Registration National Registration
Under Lisbon System- Subject to refusal or invalidation, an appellation of origin which has been the subject of an international registration is to be ensured protection from the date of the international registration in each contracting country…
National Registration
Most countries have registrations systems for GI either under a special Statute or under Trademark Statute.

9. Collective Marks and Certification Marks
Collective Marks are Trademarks distinguishing goods/services of members of an Association of Persons from non members
Certification Marks are marks applied on the goods and services certified by the proprietor of the mark to distinguish them from the goods and services not so certified

10. Protection of Collective/Certification Marks
Registration provided under Trademark Laws
International Recognition sought under Madrid System
Protection of use of a mark by a group of people

11. Indian Scenario The Geographical Indications Act 1999
Any association of persons, producers, organisation or authority can apply
A producer of goods can apply for registration as an authorised user
Registered proprietor or authorised users may initiate legal actions for infringement
Even foreign applications are allowed

12. Registrations- Statistics
As in January 2013
Total Registrations- 184
Total Pending Applications- 200
Foreign Registrations- 08
Foreign Pending Applications-121
Total Authorised User Application- 1100

13. Some Popular Registrations
Indian
Darjeeling Tea
Agra Petha
Kashmiri Pashmina
Mysore Silk
Foreign
Scotch Whisky
Napa Valley Wine
Peruvian Pisco
French Champagne

14. Position in South Korea
Law
Trademark Act
Agricultural Product Quality Control Act
Definition
an indication that identifies a good as originating in a certain region where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to that region
an indication displaying that agricultural products or
processed agricultural products (excluding processed agricultural products in which marine products
are used as a principal material or main ingredient: hereinafter the same shall apply) the reputation,
quality and other attributes of which are essentially originated from the geographical characteristics of
a specific region are produced and processed in the specific region;
Scope
All products: Geographical names can be registered as trademarks if they are “conspicuous” and have acquired sufficient distinctiveness through use. 
Agricultural products and their processed products
Regulatory Authority
Korean IPO
Minister for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries- (National Agricultural Products Quality Control Service)
Enforcement/Remedies
Remedies for Infringement- prevention, damages, accounts of profit, recovery
Prevention of Infringement and false Indications, Claim of Compensation

15. Some Examples

18. Thank You.