2. The material in this slide show is provided free for educational use only. All other forms of storage or reproduction are subject to copyright- please contact the National Marine Aquarium The slide show was designed and produced for the NMA by STEP, the Science Training & Education Partnership T raining & S cience E ducation P artnership www.national-aquarium.co.uk www.step-up-to-science.com

3. Reefs at risk: threats to coral reefs

4. Coral reefs in tropical seas are the richest habitats in the ocean However, they face increasing threats from natural and man-made causes

5. The value of coral reefs Impacts on coral reefs Summary Coral reef conservation

6. The value of coral reefs Impacts on coral reefs Summary Coral reef conservation

7. Dave Peake Coral reefs are the most varied marine communities They have been compared to tropical rainforests

8. Reefs contain many more species than the neighbouring ocean

9. The Great Barrier Reef occupies 0.1% of the ocean area of the planet It is made up of 2900 separate reefs, which contain 360 species of hard corals Dave Peake NASA

10. The Great Barrier Reef occupies 0.1% of the ocean area of the planet It is home to 1500 species of fish - 8% of the world total NASA

11. The Great Barrier Reef occupies 0.1% of the ocean area of the planet It protects important coastal habitats such as mangrove and seagrass beds NASA

12. The Great Barrier Reef occupies 0.1% of the ocean area of the planet It is an important breeding area for many endangered species NASA STEP

13. Dave Peake Coral reefs are an important source of food for many people

14. Dave Peake Reef animals may be important for human health Natural drugs Use of coral to repair bones

15. Dave Peake Coral reefs are great places for a holiday!

16. Dave Peake Tourist visits to reefs gives half of the national income of some Carribean countries

17. The value of coral reefs Impacts on coral reefs Summary Coral reef conservation

18. Dave Peake Coral reefs can be affected by natural and man-made changes

19. Natural changes include: Tropical storms and hurricanes Freshwater flooding from the land ‘Predator plagues’ and other changes in the coral ecosystem Earthquakes and tidal waves

20. Sometimes, very large numbers of the crown-of-thorns starfish can damage large areas of reef by eating the coral

21. Habitats like coral reefs that are close to the coast are most affected by human activity

22. Human impacts on coral reefs include: Pollution Addition of agricultural fertilizers Removal of coral for building and making cement Addition of sediment Over-fishing Destructive fishing methods Climate change

23. Dave Peake Tourism may encourage building close to the coast in areas where sewage treatment and pollution control are poor

24. River flow from the land can carry fertilizers, pesticides and sediment - stopping coral growth but encouraging algae

25. Coral reefs are a valuable source of food fish - but many are over-fished and survival of some species is threatened Dave Peake

26. Large fishing gear and dynamite-fishing cause extensive damage to coral reefs

27. Cyanide poison may be used to catch live fish for the aquarium trade - this kills the coral and other animals

28. 10% of coral reefs are already damaged 60% are under threat from human activities

30. Most of the threats to coral reefs come from over- exploitation and coastal development

32. Dave Peake Climate change may have a more important effect on corals Small increases in summertime water temperature causes the corals to lose the algal cells from their bodies

33. The value of coral reefs Impacts on coral reefs Summary Coral reef conservation

34. Dave Peake Protecting coral reefs involves many different approaches and many different people

35. Making marine parks involves informing local people and tourists brochure: Marine Conservation Society

36. Dave Peake Tourism can be used to inform, and can provide money for conservation projects

37. Dave Peake Alternatives are needed for damaging fishing methods Trade in reef fish and curios can be regulated

38. Dave Peake Coral reefs are too valuable to lose!

39. The value of coral reefs Impacts on coral reefs Summary Coral reef conservation

40. Coral reefs contain many important species Reefs are important for fisheries and tourism You have seen that -

41. Coral reefs are under threat from human activities 60% of reefs are at risk You have seen that -

42. Human use of coral reefs needs to change Preserving coral reefs needs money and education You have seen that -

43. NOTES for USERS The material in this slide show is designed to support the teaching of science at Key Stage 1 A full description of the slide show, and linked activities for students, can be found on the National Marine Aquarium (NMA) web-site: Teachers are free to amend the slide show in whatever way they feel fit, or to use slides in other contexts. However, please note that neither the NMA nor the designers will accept responsibility for modifications, and original material remains copyright of the NMA Individual images used in the slides are copyright of NMA or STEP, except where acknowledged separately The slides have been set up to display as A4 landscape format. If they are incorporated into other slide sequences with different display settings, change in aspect ratio and text location will occur The slide sequence contains the minimum of effects and transitions. However, there are some automated animations, and teachers will wish to make sure that they are familiar with the sequence before use in class Use the PowerPoint notes viewer to obtain additional information for some slides www.justaddh2o.tv www.national-aquarium.co.uk