1. Telecom, Wireless & Networks
Chapter 5
Telecom, Wireless & Networks
Fundamentals
Media, Devices, and Software
Wireless Telecommunications
Networks and Distributed Computing
Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer

2. 5.1 Fundamentals of Telecommunications
Networking media
Analog signal
Digital signal
Bandwidth
Broadband
Key Terms

3. Telecommunications
Telecommunications: The electronic transmission of signals over a medium for communications.
(cables or air)
Sender and Receiver must “speak” the same language.

4. Types of Signals
Analog Signal: transmit sound using continuously varying levels of voltage.
Digital Signal: transmits data using two discrete states of voltage: high and low

5. Signal Frequency
Frequency: the speed at which a signal changes from high to low.
Bandwidth: the range of signal frequencies that can be sent over a given medium at the same time.
Often expressed as bits per second
Broadband: typically 2 – 5 Mbps

6. 5.2 Networking Media, Devices, and Software
The fundamental components of telecommunications networks
Twisted pair cable
Coaxial cable
Fiber-optic cable
Radio wave
Modem
Network adapter
Microwave transmission
Communications satellite
Ethernet
Key Terms

7. Networking Media Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Cable
Used for traditional phone lines, twisted pairs of wires in plastic sheathing.
Coaxial Cable
Used for home cable TV, thick copper core wire – faster than twisted pair.
Fiber Optic Cable
Thin strands of glass are used to send light beams – highest bandwidth cable, most expensive.
Radio Waves
Electromagnetic waves transmitted through the air at various frequencies.

8. Radio Waves
Radio waves use differing frequencies to carry many types of information:
AM & FM Radio
Short Wave & CB Radio
Television Broadcasts
Garage Doors Openers
Baby Monitors
Cordless Phones
Cell Phones
Radio Controlled Cars and Airplanes
Global Positioning Systems
Wireless Computer Networks
Microwave Communications

9. EHF SHF UHF VHF HF MF LF VLF
300 GHz
EHF
SHF
UHF
VHF HF MF LF
VLF
30 GHz
2.9 GHz
Deep space radio communications ( GHz)
Wi-fi Wireless Networks (2.4 GHz)
Global Positioning System 1.23 and 1.58 GHz
Air traffic Control (960-1,215 MHz)
900-MHz cordless phones
Cell Phones ( MHz)
328.6 MHz
TV CH 7-13 ( MHz)
FM Radio ( MHz)
TV CH 2-6 (54-88 MHz)
Cordless Phones (40-50 MHz)
30 MHz
CB Radio ( MHz)
3 MHz
AM Radio ( kHz)
300kHz
30 kHz
10 kHz
The Radio Spectrum

10. Networking Devices
Modem: modulates and demodulates signals from one form to another.
Network Adapter: Expansion card, or external device installed on a computing device used to connect to a network.

11. Networking Devices Network Control Devices: Hub/Switch Router
Controls flow of data between devices on a network
Router
Routs packets to destinations and connects one network to another
Wireless Access Point
Allows devices to connect wirelessly to a wired network

13. Microwave Communications
High-frequency radio signals sent up to 30 miles through the air.

14. Microwave Communications!
Line-of-sight communications

15. Microwave Communications
SatelliteTransmission
Microwave Communications
Line-of-sight required

16. Networking Software
Network administrators are responsible for setting up and maintaining the network.
A network operating system coordinates the network components to support telecommunications.
Ethernet is the most widely used network standard for private networks.

17. 5.3 Wireless Telecommunications Technologies
Cellular network
Cellular carrier
Global positioning system
Wireless fidelity (wi-fi)
WiMAX
Bluetooth
Radio frequency identification
Near-field communication (NFC)
Key Terms

18. Cell Phone Technologies
A cellular network is a radio network in which a geographic area is divided into cells, with a transmission tower and station at the center of each cell, to support mobile communications.

19. Cell Phone Technologies
A cellular carrier is a company that builds and maintains a cellular network and provides cell phone service to the public.

20. GSM
CDMA
AT&T
T-Mobile
Verizon
Sprint
GSM and CDMA
Digital networking standards for cell phone networks are GSM and CDMA.
GSM is the most popular global standard for mobile phones
The CDMA networking standard is predominantly used in the United States where it is in equal competition with GSM.

21. GSM
CDMA
AT&T
T-Mobile
Verizon
Sprint
GSM and CDMA
GSM Phones include a subscriber identity module (SIM) for security and convenient data transfer between phones.

22. Cell Phone Technologies
Consumers choose a carrier based on coverage area, handsets available, and services provided – service contracts are typically for two years.

23. Cell Phone Technologies
Learn about Service Plans, Handsets, Features, and Services by clicking the logos below.

24. Cell Phone Technologies

25. Cell Phone Technologies
Cell phone accessories provide added features for example…
A 4 GB mini SD memory card can provide ample storage digital photos, music, and video files.
A Bluetooth headset allows you to interact with your phone without taking it out of your pocket.
Car chargers allow you to charge your cell phone from your car power supply.
Assorted cases protect cell phones from damage and make them handy to access.

26. Wireless Technologies
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.
Aircraft Navigation

27. Wireless Technologies
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.
Seacraft Autopilot

28. Wireless Technologies
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.
Automobile Navigation

29. Wireless Technologies
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.
Handheld Navigation

30. Wireless Technologies
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.
Child Safety

31. Wirless Technologies
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth.
Emergency Call

32. Wireless Technologies
Wireless Fidelity (IEEE s), or Wi-fi, is wireless networking technology that makes use of access points to connect devices to networks.
250-1,000 ft range
802.11b 4.5 Mbps
802.11g 11 Mbps
802.11n 74 Mbps
Access Point

33. Wireless Technologies
WiMAX (IEEE ) is the next generation broadband technology that is both faster and has a longer range than Wi-fi – 31 miles!
Seattle’s Space Needle To Become WiMax Antenna

34. Wireless Technologies
Bluetooth is wireless technology that enables a wide variety of digital devices to communicate directly.
33 ft range
1 Mbps

35. Bluetooth

36. Wireless Technologies
Infrared (IrDA) technology utilizes infrared rays to send data over a short distance wirelessly.
14 ft range
Narrow-angle cone (30o)
Line-of-sight
4-16 Mbps

37. Wireless Comparison Wi-fi Access point centered LAN Omni-direction
Through obstructions
250 ft range indoors
11 Mbps
Bluetooth
Point-to-point
33 ft
1 Mbps
Infrared
Narrow-angle
Line-of-sight
14 ft
4 Mbps

38. Wireless Technologies
Radio Frequency ID (RFID) uses tiny transponders in tags that can be attached to merchandise or other objects and read using an RFID receiver or reader for the purpose of identification.

39. Near Field Communication (NFC)
NFC is a short range wireless technology that is designed for private communications at short range, such as making payments by swiping a cell phone across a pad.

40. 5.4 Networks and Distributed Computing
Personal Area Network
Local Area Network
Intranet
Virtual Private Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Wide Area Network
Key Terms

41. Computer Network Concepts
Distributed Computing refers to a computing environment that includes multiple remote computers that work together to solve problems and provide services.
Database Servers
Application Servers
File Servers
Print Servers

42. Network Types Personal Area Network (PAN)
The wireless interconnection of personal information technology devices within the range of an individual.
Mostly associated with Bluetooth technology

43. Network Types Personal Area Network (PAN) – Alternate Definition
The human body is used to conduct a minimal electric current to transfer information from one individual’s device to another’s.
The original PAN was designed by Thomas Zimmerman and allowed users to pass digital electronic information through touch, by transferring information from one person’s device to another’s, running a subtle current through the body.

44. Exchange s through handshake TWO Japanese telecoms giants have developed technology that turns the human body into a broadband-paced link that allows addresses to be exchanged through a simple handshake, a report said Monday. The technology, developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. and its subsidiary NTT DoCoMo Inc., uses the body's conductivity and adds the smarts of a personal digital assistant (PDA), the Nihon Keizai Shimbun said.
A device attached to a PDA can send and receive weak electrical signals through people, with human bodies as communications circuits, the paper said, citing sources close to the companies.
Apparel and handbags have their own conductivity, allowing an electrical connection to a PDA that can remain in one's pocket, the paper said.
In this way, people can exchange addresses, names and phone numbers while shaking hands, with the data automatically written into both their PDAs, the paper said.
The companies have confirmed in an experiment that data can be transmitted at 10 megabits per second, comparable to the speed of a broadband Internet connection, it said.
The technology could allow data communications through door knobs, switches, desks and chairs, the paper said. It could pave the way to one day being able to pass through railway ticket gates or entering secure buildings with a simple touch. It could also get a computer to start up with the proper settings as soon as the user sat down, the paper said.
Agence France-Presse

45. Microsoft patents body power
By Matt Loney
Staff Writer, CNET News
June 23, :50 AM PDT
Microsoft has been awarded a patent for using human skin as a power conduit and data bus.
Patent No. 6,754,472, which was published Tuesday, describes a method for transmitting power and data to devices worn on the body and for communication of data between those devices.
To reduce the redundancy of input/output devices, Microsoft's patent proposes a personal area network that allows a single data input or output device to be used by multiple portable devices. …
Furthermore, Microsoft said, the physical resistance offered by the human body could be used to create a virtual keyboard on a patch of skin. And just to make sure it has covered all its bases, the filing concludes with a reference for Fido.
"It will be apparent," it says, "that the body may be that of a wide variety of living animals and need not be limited to being a body of a human being."

46. Network Types Local Area Network (LAN)
Connects computer systems and devices within a common geographic area

47. Local Area Network switch Servers Wireless access point Star topology
System Administrator
Wireless access point
switch
Star topology
Servers
Bus topology

48. Network Types Intranet Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A private network that utilizes Internet and Web protocols and software.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Uses the Internet to connect an organization’s networks dispersed around the world into one large intranet.

49. Network Types
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects networks within a city or metrololitan-size area into a larger high-speed network.

50. Network Types
FSU Tallahassee LAN
Wide Area Network Connects LANs between cities, cross country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines.
router
FSU Panama City LAN
router

51. Network Types
A Global Network (International Network) is a WAN that crosses National boundries.

52. Network Types
Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI, uses networked systems and follws standards and procedures that allow output from one system to be processed directly as input to other systems, without human participation.

53. Installing Home Wi-fi Requirements High-speed Internet
Cable Modem
Wireless Access Point / Router
To Cable Co.
Requirements
High-speed Internet
Cable Modem or DSL Modem (provided be ISP)
Wireless Access Point/Router
Wireless adapters for each device.
Additional Access Points as needed.

54. Chapter 5 Questions?
Don’t forget to turn your phone on!!