1. 1 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED IGARSS2011 Development of High Temperature Noise Source (HTS) for Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) July 28, 2011 Kamakura Works, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Tatsuhiro NOGUCHI GCOM-W1

2. 2 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Contents 1. Introduction (GCOM) 2. AMSR2 Summary 3. HTS Design Concept 4. Evaluation 5. Conclusion

3. 3 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED GCOM: Global Change Observation Mission 1. Introduction (GCOM) GCOM-W1 Launch GCOM-C1 Launch GCOM-W2 GCOM-C2 GCOM-W3 GCOM-C3 GCOM-W1: AMSR2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) GCOM-C1 : SGLI (Second-generation Global Imager) Sensor Japanese fiscal year 2011 year (W: Water, C: Climate) 5-years

4. 4 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED 1. Introduction (GCOM) GCOM ： Global Change Observation Mission AMSR2 ： Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 AMSR2 on GCOM-W1 AMSR2 SU (Sensor Unit) GCOM-W1 +Y Axis perpendicular direction to orbit plane +Z Axis geocentric direction +X Axis traveling direction ・ Integrated Water Vapor ・ Integrated Cloud Liquid Water ・ Precipitation ・ Sea Surface Temperature ・ Soil Moisture, etc Observation Data ・ Understand global environment changes Climate prediction models International environmental strategy ・ Improve people’s lives Weather forecasting Fishery Information Contribution AMSR2 CU (Control Unit)

5. 5 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED AMSR2 CU AMSR2 SU AMSR2 MWA 2. AMSR2 Summary

6. 6 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Key Parameters of Heritage AMSR 2. AMSR2 Summary

7. 7 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED AMSR2 SU HTS (High Temperature noise Source) CSM (Cold Sky Mirror) Feed Main Reflector Radiation from Earth 2. AMSR2 Summary 1,450km wide scan Calibrate once per each scan (1.5s), using HTS and CSM Features 1,450km wide scan 1450km 55° 61° 47.5° AMSR2 observation concept

8. 8 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED 3. HTS Design Concept SLSL TLTL Low temp. calibration point T OBS S OBS Observation point Brightness temperature Microwave strength Calibration Method CSM Feed TCP (Thermal Control Panel) HTS Uniform temperature of microwave absorbers Irradiate Feed with stabilized brightness temperature HTS Mission 300 HTS unit ： mm Microwave Absorbers 300 (mass:4kg) SHSH THTH High temp. calibration point

9. 9 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED HTS Performance Specification - Reference temperature of HTS : 20degC - Temperature distribution of Microwave Absorbers : 2.5degC or less 3. HTS Design Concept  T : 2.5degC or less 20degC HTS Thermal Design Concepts - Radiate a constant temperature heat to the microwave absorbers - Insulate microwave absorbers from the external thermal environment Extremely sever specification Allowed temperature range : -10 to +50degC

10. 10 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Heater Thermal Design (Heater Control) ・ Heater Control of HTS Walls and TCP ・ Thermal Radiation from HTS Walls and TCP Design Concept Sensor Unit Radiation heat from TCP Radiation heat from HTS walls MLI To support structure *Materials: Aluminum alloy (HTS wall / TCP) *Heater control: All six planes (HTS wall / TCP) 3. HTS Design Concept

11. 11 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Thermal Design (Thermal Insulation) MLI Solar heat power incidence Outer space radiation heat ・ MLI (Multi Layer Insulation) ・ TCP and Sun-Shields for HTS ・ Thermal insulation spacers Design Concept Thermal insulation spacers Thermal interface Thermal insulation spacers Shield Sensor Unit Shield 3. HTS Design Concept

12. 12 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED 4. Evaluation (1) On-orbit Thermal Analysis Analysis AMSR2 Thermal Math Model (2) IR Method (3) Solar Method Thermal Vacuum Test Thermal vacuum test configurations IR methodSolar method

13. 13 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Items High temp. case Low temp. case Orbit Altitude 699.6km Inclination 98.186deg Beta angle 32deg13deg Albedo 0.250.35 IR 258W/m 2 216W/m 2 Solar 1421W/m 2 1289W/m 2 Thermal optical properties EOLBOL Control temperature HTS walls 20degC TCP 20degC Interface conditions HTS 27degC1degC TCP 34degC-5degC Feed 0degC Thermal Analysis Condition 4. Evaluation < 2.5degC Spec. 139.8W91.1W TCP Avg. power 8.0W2.9W HTS avg. power 2.0degC1.8degC Temp. distribution High temp. case Low temp. case Case Thermal Analysis Result

14. 14 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Microwave absorbers’ temperature trends (high temperature case) SunshineSunset Temperature fluctuation of feed covers Incidence of solar light from gap between HTS and TCP Factor of temperature changes of microwave absorbers 4. Evaluation 1560s 1.8degC 3900s 1.5degC

15. 15 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Microwave absorbers’ temperature trends 1.8degC < 2.5degC Temperature fluctuation of feed covers Incidence of solar light from gap between HTS and TCP Factor of temperature changes of microwave absorbers 1560s 4. Evaluation Sunset Sunshine 1560s 18.27 20.13 Temperature contour figure (high temperature case) Feed cover [Unit:degC]

16. 16 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Microwave absorbers’ temperature trends 1.5degC < 2.5degC Temperature fluctuation of feed covers Incidence of solar light from gap between HTS and TCP Factor of temperature changes of microwave absorbers 3900s 4. Evaluation [Unit:degC] Temperature contour figure (high temperature case) 3900s 20.0221. 57 Sensor Unit Solar light incidence Sunset Sunshine

17. 17 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Temperature Distribution of Microwave Absorbers ・ Case1 Temperature Distribution ： 0.6 degC → Complete Validity verification of design concepts ・ Case2 Temperature Distribution ： 1.2 degC → Meet performance specification Conclusion （ Thermal Vacuum Test IR Method ） 9.64 9.68 9.65 9.55 9.74 / 9.63 / 9.19 9.52 9.77 9.00 9.55 9.70 9.34/9.95/10.1 9.29 9.84/9.89/9.37 9.63 9.47 9.05 9.64 9.59 9.57 9.72 9.05/9.69/9.92 9.7410.1 10.0 / 9.97 9.34 9.98 9.97 9.70 9.76 10.2 10.1 9.89 9.88 10.0 9.29 10.1 9.26 [Unit:degC] Case 2 9.95 10.0 9.94 9.89 9.93 / 9.93 / 9.75 9.89 9.99 9.74 9.90 10.0 9.82 / 10.1 / 10.2 9.82 9.94 / 10.0 / 9.66 9.87 9.94 9.70 9.96 9.95 9.90 10.0 9.74 / 9.97 / 10.0 10.010.2 10.0 / 10.0 9.78 10.1 10.0 10.3 10.1 9.99 10.0 10.1 9.83 10.23 9.67 [Unit:degC] Case 1 4. Evaluation ItemsCase 1Case 2 HTS Walls 10 degC TCP10 degC Feed Dummy 10 degC -19 degC RotationYes Heater Panels -85 degC

18. 18 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Temperature Trends of Microwave Absorbers 0.3 degC << 2.5 degC ・ Temperature increase of microwave absorbers within Solar light incidence (150s) 0.3 degC max → negligible in orbit operation Conclusion （ Thermal Vacuum Test Solar Method ） 4. Evaluation

19. 19 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED ･ Validity verification of the thermal design concepts of HTS was conducted by thermal analysis on orbit and thermal vacuum tests of development model ･ Specification of temperature distribution : 2.5degC or less Design result: 1.8degC at high temperature case 2.0degC at low temperature case ･ Calibration and measurement performance of AMSR2 will be improved more than a previous model. Conclusion 5. Conclusion ･ Launch within Japanese fiscal year 2011 ･ On-orbit evaluation Future plan

20. 20 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED FIN

21. 21 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED AMSR2 Block Diagram Back-up Chart

22. 22 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Key Performance of AMSR2 Back-up Chart

23. 23 MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION PROPRIETARY INFORMATION ANY AND ALL UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OR DISCLOSURE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Back-up Chart NEDT Comparison for AMSR-E/AMSR2