1. CHAPTER 19 AN AGE OF EXPLORATIONS & ISOLATION
SECTION 1
EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EAST

2. FOR “GOD, GLORY, & GOLD” EUROPEANS EXPLORE SPICES
DESIRE TO BE RICH, SPREAD CHRISTIANITY, & ADVANCES IN SAILING
MERCHANTS WERE ABLE TO SELL SPICES AT HIGH PRICES
WHY?:

3. CHRISTIANITY
BARTOLOMEU DIAS
EUROPEANS BELIEVED SACRED DUTY WAS TO CONVERT NON-CHRISTIANS.
WHO WAS THEIR OPPOSITION?
PORTUGUESE EXPLORER, MOTIVES WERE TO SERVE GOD, GIVE LIGHT TO THOSE IN DARKNESS & GROW RICH.

4. TECHNOLOGY
IMPROVED SAILING. STURDIER, TRIANGULAR SAILS, NAVIGATION (ASTROLABE).

5. PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY PRINCE HENRY
FOUNDED NAVIGATION SCHOOL, MAJOR SUPPORTER OF EXPLORATION, GET RICH & SPREAD CHRISTIANITY, SET UP TRADING NETWORK ALONG WESTERN AFRICA’S SHORES

6. VASCO DA GAMA
1497, EXPLORED EAST COAST OF AFRICA AND THEN PORT OF CALICUT (SW SHORE OF INDIA), RETURNED HOME WITH CARGO 60 TIMES COST OF VOYAGE.

7. SPAIN ALSO MAKES CLAIMS
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
1492- REACHED A CARIBBEAN ISLAND AND MISTAKENLY THOUGHT IT WAS EAST INDIES. OPENED THE WAY FOR COLONIZATION IN AMERICA.

8. TENSION
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
PORTUGAL & SPAIN GREW TENSION AS THEY BATTLE FOR LAND
LINE OF DEMARCATION- WEST OF LINE WOULD BE SPAIN’S, EAST OF LINE WOULD BE PORTUGAL’S
1494-BOTH COUNTRIES AGREE TO HONOR THE LINE

9. TRADING EMPIRES IN THE INDIAN OCEAN
PORTUGAL
DOMINATED TRADE IN INDIAN OCEAN, PERSIAN GULF, ARABIAN SEA, INDIA & ASIA
WHY ARE THEY DETERMINED TO PREVENT MUSLIMS FROM CONTINUING THEIR SPICE TRADE?

10. THE DUTCH (A.K.A. NETHERLANDS) CHALLENGE
DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY
BY 1600, LARGEST FLEET IN WORLD.
WEALTHY, MADE TREATIES, RAISED ARMIES. DROVE OUT THE ENGLISH & ESTABLISHED THEIR DOMINANCE IN REGION

11. DUTCH TRADE OUTPOSTS
SEIZED CONTROL OF MANY PORTUGUESE AREAS INCLUDING CONTROL OF INDIAN OCEAN.
BY 1700 THEY RULED INDONESIA & HAD MANY TRADING POSTS IN ASIA.
ALSO CONTROLLED CAPE OF GOOD HOPE ON SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA. RESUPPLY STOP

12. EUROPEANS
ONLY HAD INFLUENCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ON THE PORT CITIES NOT INLAND

13. CHINA LIMITS EUROPEAN CONTACTS
SECTION 2
CHINA LIMITS EUROPEAN CONTACTS

14. CHINA UNDER THE POWERFUL MING DYNASTY
HONGWU
DOMINATED POWER IN ASIA ( ).
COUNTRIES PAID TRIBUTE TO THE MING, & EXPECT EUROPEANS TO DO THE SAME.
1ST MING EMPEROR, CREATED MANY REFORMS TO PROMOTE POWER & PROSPERITY, SEEN AS A TYRANT

15. YONGLO
ZHENG HE
SON OF HONGWU TOOK OVER IN 1398.
MOVED CAPITAL TO BEIJING, FORBIDDEN CITY BUILT
1405, LAUNCHED 7 VOYAGES OF EXPLORATION
LED ALL VOYAGES, EVERYTHING ABOUT THEM WAS LARGE, DISTRIBUTED GIFTS OF SILK & SILVER
16 COUNTIES EVENTUALLY PAY TRIBUTE TO CHINA

16. FOREIGN RELATIONS
CHINA REMAINED ISOLATED EVEN THOUGH DEMAND OF SILK & CERAMIC SKY ROCKETED.
OPPOSED EUROPEAN & CHRISTIAN PRESENCE

17. MANCHUS FOUND THE QING DYNASTY
PEOPLE OF MANCHURIA INVADED CHINA & MING DYNASTY FALLS
TOOK CHINESE NAME FOR THEIR DYNASTY- QING
LASTED 260 YEARS
EXPANDED BORDER TO INCLUDE TAIWAN, CHINESE CENTRAL ASIA, MONGOLIA, & TIBET

18. CHINA UNDER THE QING
KANGXI
FIRST RESISTED
WHY?
SLOWLY EARNED RESPECT BY UPHOLDING CONFUCIAN BELIEFS & STRUCTURE
EMPERON IN 1661 RULDED FOR 60 YEARS, REDUCED GOV. EXPENSES & LOWERED TAXES

19. QIAN-LONG
CHINA’S RESTRICTIONS
GRANDSON OF KANGXI, RULED FROM , REACHED GREATEST PROSPERITY, WORKED ON EMPIRE’S PROBLEMS
IF COUNTRIES WANTED TO TRADE WITH CHINA THEY WOULD HAVE TO FOLLOW RULES & PAY A TRIBUTE.

20. KOREA
PAID CHINESE TRIBUTE & ADOPTED MANY WAYS OF CHINA’S BELIEFS
GAINED STRONG SENSE OF NATIONALISM AND AWAY FROM CHINA ESPECIALLY SEEN IN THE ART.

21. LIFE IN MING & QING CHINA
FAMILY LIFE
FAMILIES FARMED NEW FOOD, NUTRITION IMPROVED & FAMILIES EXPANDED
SONS FAVORED, ONLY ALLOWED TO PERFORM VITAL RELIGIOUS RITUALS
RAISE OWN FAMILY UNDER PARENTS ROOF
WHY?

22. FEMALES NOT VALUED
FEMALE INFANTS OFTEN KILLED
WIVES RESPONSIBILITIES INCLUDED WORKING IN THE FIELDS, SUPERVISED CHILDREN’S EDUCATION, MANAGED FAMILY FINANCES.

23. JAPAN RETURNS TO ISOLATION
SECTION 3
JAPAN RETURNS TO ISOLATION

24. A NEW FEUDALISM UNDER STRONG LEADERS
JAPAN
DAIMYO
VIOLENT ERA KNOWN AS SENGOKU OR WARRING STATES
WARRIOR CHIEFTAINS OFFERED SECURITY FOR LOYALTY

25. ODA NOBUNAGA
TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI
BRUTAL & AMBITIOUS DAIMYO SEIZED CAPITAL OF KYOTO (1568).
COULDN’T UNIFY JAPAN & COMMITTED SUICIDE
NOBUNAGA’S BEST GENERAL CONTINUED THE MISSION. CONTROLLED MOST OF COUNTRY UNTIL HE DIED IN 1598

26. TOKUGAWA IEYASU
UNIFIED JAPAN, BECAME SOLE RULER, MOVED CAPITAL TO EDO (TOKYO).
FORCED LOCAL DAIMYO’S TO SPEND EVERY OTHER YEAR IN THE CAPITAL, THIS TAMED THEM
RULE OF LAW OVERCAME THE RULE OF THE SWORD
MEANING?

27. TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE
DYNASTY OF SOLE RULERS UNIFIED
TAKE CARE OF THE PEOPLE. STRIVE TO BE VIRTUOUS. NEVER NEGLECT TO PROTECT THE COUNTRY.

28. LIFE IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN
IDEAL SOCIETY DEPENDED ON AGRICULTURE NOT COMMERCE
WHY?

29. SOCIETY SHIFT
HAIKU
MID 1700’S FROM RURAL TO URBAN. EDO BECAME LARGEST CITY IN WORLD WITH MORE THAN 1 MILLION PEOPLE. COMMERCIAL CENTERS INCREASED
5-7-5 SYLLABLE, 3-LINE VERSE POETRY; PRESENTED IMAGES RATHER THAN IDEAS

30. KABUKI
THEATRE WHERE ACTORS WERE IN ELABORATE COSTUMES, USING MUSIC, DANCE, & MIME, PERFORMED SKITS ABOUT MODERN LIFE.

31. CONTACT BETWEEN EUROPE & JAPAN
PORTUGUESE MERCHANTS
CASTLES BUILT
FIRST GROUP IN JAPAN. FIREARMS WAS THEIR BIGGEST ITEM OF TRADE.
BUILT FORTIFIED CASTLES TO WITHSTAND CANNONBALLS.
WHY DID BUILDING OF CASTLES ATTRACT PEOPLE?

32. CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES
JAPAN ACCEPTS IT AT FIRST. WHY?
EVENTUALLY BANNED BECAUSE WENT AGAINST TRADITIONAL JAPANESE BELIEFS

33. THE CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY
BORDERS CLOSED
STRENGTHENED TOKUGAWA SHOGUNS BY ELIMINATING EUROPEAN IDEAS THAT UNDERMINED TOKUGAWA AUTHORITY & LIMITING TRADE PRODUCED MONOPOLY & HIGH PROFITS

34. LONG TERM EFFECT OF CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY
MISSED TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES & STAGNATION OF IDEAS