1. NO BELLWORK TODAY!!! 1.Why did other countries in the Americas declare war on Germany? 2.List 5 things you are not allowed to do under the Sedition Act. 3.The Sedition Act was extremely controversial because it limited citizens’ individual freedoms. How did the government justify its usage? 4.List THREE characteristics of propaganda. 5.THINKER: Patriotism was a common societal value during WWI. Do you think people are more/less patriotic today? Would citizens in modern America be willing to ration or buy bonds in the event of another war? Explain!

2. Sedition Act of 1918 The U.S. government passed the Sedition Act (& Espionage Act) to target war/government opposition. They believed they were acting in the nation’s best interest and protecting the safety of American citizens. We are now going to read/discuss the Sedition Act. As you read the actual act, list what you are NOT allowed to do under the act.

3. Involvement in the Americas Bolivia: Severed relations with Germany - April 13, 1917 Brazil: Severed relations with Germany - April 11, 1917 & Declared war on Germany - Oct 26, 1917 Costa Rica: Severed relations with Germany - Sept 21, 1917 & Declared war on Germany - May 23, 1918 Cuba: Declared war on Germany - April 7, 1917 Ecuador: Severed relations with Germany - Dec 8, 1917 Guatemala: Declared war on Germany - April 23, 1918 Haiti: Declared war on Germany - July 12, 1918 Honduras: Declared war on Germany - July 19, 1918 Nicaragua: Declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary - May 8, 1918 Panama: Declared war on Germany - April 7, 1917 & Declared war on Austria-Hungary - Dec 10, 1917 Peru: Severed relations with Germany - Oct 6, 1917 Uruguay: Severed relations with Germany - Oct 7, 1917

4. ALLIED POWERS CENTRAL POWERS NEUTRAL COUNTRIES

5. WWI in the Americas Case Study: Cuba Effects of U.S. occupation: Yellow Fever Dependence on U.S. The rapid and huge influx of U.S. investment into sugar enabled the larger mills to buy surrounding land and create monopolies Impoverished rural areas and peasants Slave-like conditions Mills imported cheap labor from other Caribbean islands (Jamaica & Haiti) Unemployment in agriculture created massive growth of cities (poor living conditions) Sugar monopolies controlled the railroads and used them for their own benefit By 1913, U.S. companies invested $200 million into sugar, which accounted for 1/5 of total U.S. investments in all of L.A.

6. HOA Info….. Cuban Involvement Wkst due Thursday! Unit 3 Terms & Review This week: American involvement & start Russian Revolution Next week: Russian Revolution & Establishment of Communism NO CURRENT EVENT on May 6 th (tips for success IB forum in lecture hall – pds. 5 & 6) May 11-13: End of WWI and Treaty of Versailles May 14-15: Term Card work day & review May 18: Term Cards due! Review Jeopardy! May 20: Final exam!

7. Brazilian Involvement in WWI

8. Economic Troubles Brazil initially adopted a neutral position in an attempt to maintain the markets for its export products, mainly coffee & latex These products were not considered essential by foreign consumers, customs duties and export fees (the main source of government income) so they decreased as the conflict continued. The problem increased with the German blockade of Allied ports, and then by a British ban on the importation of coffee in 1917. The British government now considered the cargo space on ships necessary for more vital goods, given the great losses of merchant ships as a result of German attacks.

9. From Neutrality to War Relations between Brazil and the German Empire worsened when Germany announced their unrestricted submarine campaign On April 5, 1917, the large Brazilian steamship Paraná (4,466 tons) was torpedoed and sunk The ship was carrying coffee and traveled in accordance with the demands made on neutral countries Three Brazilians were killed.

10. Protests When news of the sinking broke out in Brazil, protests erupted The protesters attacked shops and properties owned by Germans or their descendants –For example, the Hotel Schmidt (left), the Germany Society, the German newspaper (Deutsche Zeitung), the German school (Gesellschaft Germania) and German restaurants, houses, clubs and factories were all raided, looted and burned. Protests also broke out from the anti-war side - unionists, pacifists, and anarchists

11. Diplomatic Consequences April 11, 1917 Brazil broke diplomatic relations with Germany May 20, 1917 the ship Tijuca was torpedoed near the French coast by a German submarine. In the following months, the Brazilian government seized 42 German merchant ships that were in Brazilian ports. July 27, 1917 the steamer Lapa Brazil was hit by three torpedoes from a German submarine. October 23, 1917 the Brazilian freighter Macau, one of the vessels seized in the course of the war, was torpedoed by the German submarine U-93 near the coast of Spain, and the captain taken prisoner.

12. Brazilian Involvement in WWI October 26, 1917: the Brazilian President Venceslau Bras declared war against Germany The only Latin American country to be directly involved in the war The major participation was the Navy's patrol of areas of the Atlantic Ocean

13. President Bras signing Brazil’s declaration of war (also pictured: Minister of External Affairs Nilo Pecanha and the governor of the Brazilian state Minas Gerias Delfim Moreira)

14. Brazilian Navy The Secretary of Navy ordered the use of the naval fleet in an anti-submarine campaign Ministerial Notice No. 501 (30 Jan 1918) established the Naval Division for War Operations (Divisão Naval em Operações de Guerra - DNOG), composed of units drawn from the fleets that formed the Navy in Brazil. The dreadnoughts Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo, and two scout cruisers, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul were some of the major warships of the DNOG

15. ALLIED POWERS CENTRAL POWERS NEUTRAL COUNTRIES

16. Involvement in the Americas Reasons for Involvement: WWI disrupted markets for L.A. goods and made it difficult to import necessary manufactured products –Threat of submarine warfare As a result, economy shifted from agriculture to manufacturing in order to produce these necessary goods Declines in price levels of Latin America’s exports encouraged a further growth in manufacturing –Encouraged by U.S. Although manufacturing increased, industrialization was almost completely limited to light consumer good industries –High poverty remained Impact of Involvement: The U.S. will emerge from WWI as the world’s principal industrial and financial power, and replaced England as the major source of foreign investments in Latin America Continuing the “big stick” and “dollar diplomacy” policies of their predecessors, the U.S. used armed intervention and economic pressure to expand U.S. control over the Caribbean area. By the end of the period, there was deep Latin American resentment of these strong-armed tactics Countries push for total economic and political independence

17. WWI Propaganda Project Can be from the perspective of any country involved (include translations) You are creating your own, NOT recreating someone else’s propaganda Must be neat, legible, creative, and organized It must be hand-drawn; NO computers I am NOT grading on artistic ability, I am grading on your ability to understand the characteristics of propaganda and how they were used during WWI This is worth 40 points and due Monday 4/28!

18. WWI PROPAGANDA