1. Pronunciation Consists of the phonemes (sounds from alphabetic letters)… –24 consonant sounds –20 vowels sounds …and stress, rhythm and intonation

2. Vowel Lengthening Pick-pig Lived-lift Lock-log Tab-tap Miss- Ms. Lake-leg Save-safe Feet-feed Knees-niece Lice- lies Plays-place Proof-prove Belief-believe Excuse (n)-excuse (v)

3. Lengthening Exercises Example: What’s a cap? –A kind of hat. What’s a cab? –A taxi

4. Lengthening Exercises Partner A What’s a seat? What’s a seed? How do you spell “tight?” How do you spell “tide?” What does wrote mean? What does rode mean?

5. Lengthening Exercises Partner B What is a rope for? What is a robe for? What does “bright” mean? What does “bride” mean? How do you spell “beg?” How do you spell “bake?”

6. Regular past tense Walked (t) Liked (t) Laughed (t) Closed (d) Filled (d) Smiled (d) Agreed (d) Hugged (d) Planned (d) Decide Want Need Add Start Rent Crowd Visit

7. Past tense exercise Partner A Wash Cause Arrange Load Cause Calculate Subtract Practice Multiply Partner B Plant Wait Work Divide Open Save Add Record

8. Nouns and verbs Verbs have a longer (last) syllable Verbs Use (it) Prove (it) Save (it) Excuse (me) Advise (me) Believe (me) Relieve (me) What are the associated nouns? What use is it? Show me the proof. Put your money in a safe. That’s a good excuse. Give me some advice. He has strange beliefs. The device is broken. I need some relief.

9. Word stress Word stress in English is so important that it is sometimes more important than the actual letter sounds. I can swim. [kən] I can’t swim. [kæn t ] All words of two syllables or more have stress on at least one syllable.

10. Word stress 7/11 Seven eleven There is no set system but there are some patterns. For example, what pattern do you notice: Reduction, suggestion Politician, registration Participation examination Identification, electrification

11. Stress on second last syllable Reduction, suggestion Politician, registration Participation examination Identification, electrification

12. More stress patterns Strategic Economic Statistic Biology Geology Astronomy Policy equality Main stress comes on the syllable before: ic omy, ery, ogy, ity

13. Where is the stress? Patterns do not hold for all endings, e.g., “ment” Argument Establishment Regiment Achievement

14. Stress on nouns and verbs Nouns (try making a question starting with “Is it a…” Record Object Permit Suspect Conflict Contract Increase Produce Verbs (try asking a question starting with “Does it…” Record Object Permit Suspect Conflict Contract Increase Produce

15. English rhythm I really like eating apples. I really like eating apple Content words tend to be stressed while function words are unstressed.

16. English rhythm The girl is interested in increasing her vocabulary.

17. Practice rhythm I ate a chicken salad sandwich In an hour, I’ll be ready to go to school. He eats three full meals each day. Do you like the photo on your passport? My cat eats fish and she likes to hunt mice in the garden. Make sure you study for the test during the holiday.

18. Rhythm I ate a chicken salad sandwich In an hour, I’ll be ready to go to school. He eats three full meals each day. Do you like the photo on your passport? My cat eats fish and she likes to hunt mice in the garden. Make sure you study for the test during the holiday.

19. Intonation English uses rising and falling tone to indicate meaning? For example –Falling tone indicates the end of a sentence. –Rising tone indicates a yes/no question. –Rising also indicates a list Get some bananas, oranges, apples and lemons.

20. Coffee or tea? Would you like coffee or tea? Two stress and intonation patterns… …and different expected answers. Would you like coffee or tea? (Choose one) Would you like coffee or tea? (yes or no)

21. Common teachers’ question? Either or Is the answer 2 or 4? CPU or RAM? Melody or harmony? 3-dimensional or 2-dimensional? Underhand or overhand? Think of two words or concepts in your own teaching that you ask this type of question.

22. Why is spoken English so hard to understand? Is he busy? Ed edited it. ededitit

23. Informal contractions which you don’t learn in school Wanna- I wanna study English. (want to) Gonna- I’m gonna study English. (going to) Hafta- I hafta study English. (have to) Gotta- I’ve gotta study English. (got to) Shoulda- I shoulda studied English. (should have) Do you… [jə]

24. Informal sentences What are you going to do tonight? [w ǝ d ǝ y ǝ g ǝ n ǝ dut ǝ nait] Do you want to go to a movie tonight? [jəwanəgotəəmuvitənait]

25. Finding the stress in tech words alphanumeric, asynchronous, proprietary, mnemonic Acrylics, Assemblage, Maquette, Rhythm disassembly, ergonomics, translucent, malleable, adhesive strenuous, sport etiquette, calisthenics revenue, allotment, Merchandiser, Proprietorship utensils, recipe