1. Phonics Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

2. Phonics Ann Morrison, Ph.D.  The intersection of Phonological Awareness and Print Awareness  Alphabetics  Sight Words  Onset-Rime  Morphology  Orthography 10/2/13 2

3. Adams, 1990 Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 3

4. Morrison, 2011 Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 4

5. Alphabetics  Letter sounds  Sounds of letter combinations Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 5

6. Phonics Teaching Sequence  Letter identification  Letter sounds  2 letter blending and segmenting (cv or vc)  cvc blending and segmenting  ccvc, cvcc, cvcv blending and segmenting Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 6

7. Try this…  Using the magnetic letter boards, teach the phonics sequence to your neighbor  Before you begin, select just a few letters to focus on  Make sure to include an e and one other vowel, so you can make cvce words Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 7

8. Reading Efficiency Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 8

9. Efficient Reading  In order for older students to become efficient readers, they need to read words in chunks or by whole word rather than sound- by-sound  Rapid naming: Measure of reading efficiency  Test of how quickly a child can name letters or colors  Fluency tests, such as letter naming fluency, oral reading fluency, etc Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 9

10. Sight Words v. High Frequency Words Sight Words  Difficult to decode using rules of English, don’t “play by the rules”  Can also be high frequency  Read as whole words High Frequency Words  Decodable  Are used most frequently in a given context  Can also be sight words Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 10

11. Sight and High Frequency Words  These terms are often used interchangeably, but they aren’t necessarily the same things  Both lead to reading fluency which increases reading comprehension  Reading fluency: Reading with speed, accuracy, and prosody Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 11

12. Sight Words  Sound out these words:  The  One  Sure  Wild  Using the regular rules for decoding doesn’t lead to accurate pronunciation of the word Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 12

13. High Frequency Words  Lists of most frequently used words  Dolch list, Fry list  Organized by age and grade progression Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 13

14. Onset-Rime  If a child knows the word found, they will be able to read the word round more easily  Word families  Onset is the consonant before the first vowel  Rime is everything after the first vowel  Example:  Str-ay, fr-ay, pl-ay Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 14

15. Morphology  Morpheme: the smallest unit of a word that has meaning  Prefixes and suffixes  Tricycle  Redirected Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 15

16. Syllables  A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds  Comprised by a vowel and one or more consonants  May, but do not necessarily, have meaning when standing alone Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 16

17. Syllable Types  Closed syllable: cat  Open syllable: me  V-e syllable: cake  -le syllable: puzzle  R-controlled syllable: burn  Double vowel syllables: boat Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 17

18. Orthography  Describes the graphemes, diacritics, and punctuation used in a language and rules for writing these symbols  More commonly defined as “common spelling patterns”, but actually includes more Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 18

19. Consonants  Consonant digraphs…sounds represented by letter combinations at the beginning of words like ship, chip, thin and whip, and at the end of click and sing  Consonant blends…the initial sound combinations at the beginning of words like stop, tree, black, flag, and at the end of send and left  Silent letters…letters that have no corresponding sound in words such as the k in knead the b in lamb Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 19

20. Vowels  Short vowels…vowel sounds that occur in words like cat /a/ hen /e/ pig /i/ dog /o/ and bug /u/  Long vowels…vowel sounds that occur in words like ate /ā/ eat /ē / ice /ī/ oat /ō/ and use /ū/  Vowel digraphs…two vowel letters that make a single vowel sound such as the /ŏ/ in boat or the /ŏŏ/ in good  Vowel diphthongs…two vowel letters that make a blended or glided sound such as the oi in boil and the ou in shout Ann Morrison, Ph.D. 10/2/13 20