1. Bacteria & Viruses
SBI 3U

2. Remember - MRS. NERG Movement Reproduction Sensitivity Nutrition
Excretion
Respiration
Growth

3. 6 Kingdoms
Archaea
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plants
Animals
No Viruses

6. Bacteria

9. Types of Bacteria Coccus (cocci) - Round
Baccilus (baccili) – rod shaped
Spirochete – corkscrew shaped
Vibrios – comma shaped

11. Classification of Bacteria
Until recently classification has done on the basis of such traits as:
shape
bacilli: rod-shaped
cocci: spherical
spirilla: curved walls
ability to form spores
method of energy production (glycolysis for anaerobes, cellular respiration for aerobes
nutritional requirements
reaction to the Gram stain.
The Gram stain is named after the 19th century Danish bacteriologist who developed it.
The bacterial cells are first stained with a purple dye called crystal violet.
Then the preparation is treated with alcohol or acetone.
This washes the stain out of gram-negative cells.
To see them now requires the use of a counterstain of a different color (e.g., the pink of safranin).
Bacteria that are not decolorized by the alcohol/acetone wash are gram-positive.

12. Viruses
Viruses can’t metabolize nutrients, produce and excrete wastes, move around on their own, or even reproduce unless they are inside another organism’s cells.
They aren’t even cells.

15. Role of viruses…
“Viruses have played key roles in shaping the history of life on our planet by shuffling and redistributing genes in and among organisms and by causing diseases in animals and plants. Viruses have been the culprits in many human diseases, including smallpox, flu, AIDS, certain types of cancer, and the ever-present common cold.”

16. When viruses come into contact with host cells, they trigger the cells to engulf them, or fuse themselves to the cell membrane so they can release their DNA into the cell.

17. Viruses “hijack” the cell

18. “Once inside a host cell, viruses take over its machinery to reproduce.
Viruses override the host cell’s normal functioning with their own set of instructions that shut down production of host proteins and direct the cell to produce viral proteins to make new virus particles.

21. Lytic Cycle Attachment Penetration Synthesis Assembly Lysis Release
Mnemonic:
All Pirates Sail Around Looking for Riches

24. All Viruses are pathogenic
There are NO nice viruses………
All viruses cause disease.

25. Adenovirus Infections DNA Lungs, Eyes Droplets, Contact Droplets
Disease
Causal Agent
Organs Affected
Transmission / Vector
Influenza
RNA
Respiratory Tract
Droplets
Adenovirus Infections
DNA
Lungs, Eyes
Droplets, Contact Droplets
Respiratory Syncytial Disease
Rhinovirus Infections
Upper Respiratory Tract
Droplets,Contact
Herpes Simplex
Skin,Pharynx, Genital organs
Contact
Chicken pox ( Varicella)
Skin, Nervous System
Droplets, Contact
Measles (Rubeola)
Respiratory Tract, Skin
German Measles ( Rubella)
Skin
Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis)
Salivary Glands, Blood
Small Pox (Variola)
Skin, Blood
Contact, Droplets
Warts Kawasaki Disease ?
Diseases Caused by Virus To Human

26. Mosquito ( Aedes Aegypti) Dengue Fever Blood, Muscles
Hepatitis B
DNA
Liver
Contact with body Fluids
NANB Hepatitis
RNA
Viral Gastroenteritis
Many RNA Viruses
Intestine
Food, Water
Viral Fevers
Blood
Contact,arthropods
Cytomegalovirus Disease
Blood, Lungs
Contact, Congenital transfer
AIDS
Retrovirus ( RNA)
T-lymphocytes
Rabies
Brain, Spinal cord
Conact with body Fluids
Polio
Intestine,Brain, Spinal Cord
Food, Water, Contact
Slow Virus Disease
Prions
Brain ?
Arboviral Enephalitis
Many RNA viruses
Anthropods
Yellow Fever
RNA
Liver, Blood
Mosquito ( Aedes Aegypti)
Dengue Fever
Blood, Muscles
Mosquito ( Aedes Aegypti )
Hepatitis A
Liver
Food, Water, Contact