1. El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Chicken and Egg scenario – ocean temperatures or trade winds? This decreases during El Niño Increases during La Niña http://esminfo.prenhall.com/s cience/geoanimations/animati ons/26_NinoNina.html

2. Enso Neutral Conditions

3. El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 1.Heavier rainfall over coastal equatorial South America 2.Drought in Western Pacific (Indonesia & Australia) 3.Increased transmission of disease  More water = increased mosquitoes  Less water = flies 4.Migration of fish species (North or South – Inshore or Out) 5.Death of seals and sea birds due to changing fisheries 6.Heavier rains in the southwestern deserts of United States 7.Fewer hurricanes in the Atlantic 2010-2011 Australia has record flooding? La Nina or El Nino Weak or Strong

4. El Nino La Nina

5. Tornados

7. Tornado formation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KDz6dGQ5RE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KDz6dGQ5RE Tornado Formation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjjwPQRVbWk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjjwPQRVbWk Tornado Formation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bHSS1ImFQI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bHSS1ImFQI

8. 1.Anatomy of a Hurricanehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJydFJORWf4&feature=r elatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJydFJORWf4&feature=r elated 2.Hurricane Formation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNEG4YKElgY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNEG4YKElgY

9. 2005 Hurricane tracks

10. Hurricanes Severe weather events: Tropical cyclones Atlantic Ocean = hurricanes Pacific Ocean = typhoons Indian Ocean = cyclones Category One Hurricane: Winds 74-95 mph Category Two Hurricane: Winds 96-110 mph - Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal Category Three Hurricane: Winds 111-130 mph - Some structural damage to small residences Category Four Hurricane: Winds 131-155 mph - Complete destruction of mobile homes Category Five Hurricane: Winds greater than 155 mph - Storm surge generally greater than 18 ft above normal and framed homes destroyed

11. Hurricanes 1.Hurricanes are powered by the energy released during condensation 2. Hurricanes are steered by prevailing wind patterns and wind sheer will destroy a hurricane. 3. What are positive and what are negative feed-back-loops for hurricanes 4. When winds reach 74mph a tropical storm becomes a hurricane 5. Why is the eye clear? Air coming in from the eye wall is coming inward towards the center from all directions. This convergence causes the air to sink in the eye. This sinking creates a warmer environment and the clouds evaporate leaving a clear area in the center.

12. Katrina

14. Lightning What do you know about lightning 1.Lightning 5 min. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3Awp-3CxSUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3Awp-3CxSU 2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MUYsIjTKvkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MUYsIjTKvk

15. Lightning Thunder and Lightning 1.Sound travels about one mile every 5 seconds So if you count to ten the storm is 2 miles away 2. Thunder rumbles because the sound from different points on the bolt reaches our ears at different times 3. Thunder, is produced by the heating (expansion) and cooling (contraction) of the air around a lightning strike. 4. Lightning forms from negative charges at the bottom of the cloud that meet with positive charges from the ground. A stepped leader from the cloud meets a streamer from the ground. Visible light moves up and charge flows down. Individual charges are drained separately causing lightening to flash and strike multiple times in one location.