1. Art of the 1800’s Judy Kafelghazal 5 th Hour- Emmi

2. What was the main method of art? Ex. Oil paintings, sculpture, portraits etc. Where both men and women artists? Was the majority if the art of people or other things?

3. Folk Art- according to History Alive textbook by Teachers' Curriculum Institute Folk art is art made by ordinary people, as apposed to trained artists, using traditional methods. Men carved weathervanes and hunting decoys. Women sewed spare bits of cloth into quilts. Ordinary people, like untrained artists, created signs, murals, and images of national symbols like the flag. Folk art was simple, often very colorful and direct.

4. Hudson River School- according to History Alive textbook by Teachers‘ Curriculum Institute Hudson River School art featured both storm clouds and sunny skies over broad stretches of unspoiled land. This kind of art focused more on nature rather than people. Painters would say that the gorgeous light in their paintings had an almost religious quality, as if God were smiling on America.

5. John Audubon- according to History Alive textbook by Teachers' Curriculum Institute This artist painted 435 finely detailed portraits of birds. Audubon wasn't exactly an artist, he was more of a naturalist. He made very accurate, detailed and realistic portraits of many different species of birds. He liked painting these birds with backgrounds of fields and woods. After painting many portraits Audubon found a publisher in England, and The Birds of America made him America's first internationally known famous artist.

6. George Catlin- according to History Alive textbook by Teachers' Curriculum Institute This artist was from Philadelphia and he saw that Native Americans' traditional ways were disappearing. For many years Catlin made a mixture of art from the west, and drawing the native people. He painted with many rich colors, and he painted Native American hunts, and their rituals. Because Catlin chose a subject that captured the features of their new country, Americans gave Catlin's art a distinct identity.

7. Was the art in black in white, or were they colorful? Was the art elegant, or was it filled with bright colors?

8. Art in the 1800's was mostly colorful, but not all. In previous pictures you saw that the pictures were colorful. So this proves that artists back then had many unique techniques that made these paintings you see so fascinating. Also art in the 1800's wasn't filled with neon colors, or colors that rock bands would use on there album covers. Art in the 1800's was elegant, and calm. For example, the Hudson River School type of art is about nature with pretty colors, the colors used weren't bright, they were nice and simple.

9. Who was considered the best artist in the 1800s?

10. There were many famous artists in the 1800’s. Many people loved to paint and create art in this time period. But artists like Thomas Cole, Gilbert Stuart, and Benjamin West were some of the most famous artists.

11. Thomas Cole Thomas Cole was born in Lancashire, England. And he lived from 1801-1848. He was trained as an engraver of woodblocks used for printing calico. He wasn't educated in art, so his styles and creativity came from literature and poetry. The Cole family emigrated to America in 1818, but Thomas spent a year alone in Philadelphia before going on to Steubenville, Ohio, where his family had settled. He spent several years in Steubenville designing patterns. In 1823, Cole followed his family to Pittsburgh and began to make detailed and systematic studies of that city's highly picturesque scenery, establishing a procedure of painstakingly detailed drawing that was to become the foundation of his landscape painting. During another stay in Philadelphia, from 1823 to 1824, Cole determined to become a painter and closely studied the landscapes of Thomas Doughty and Thomas Birch exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy. His technique, and artistic ability improved and then he moved to New York, where he produced a sketching trip up the Hudson River in the summer of 1825 which brought him to the attention of the city's most important artists and patrons. From then on, his future as a landscape painter was assured. By 1829, he decided to go to Europe to study the great work of the past, he had become one of the founding members of the National Academy of Design and was generally recognized as America's leading landscape painter.

12. Gilbert Stuart Gilbert Stuart was one the 19th centuries best portrait artists. I'm sure you have seen some of his artwork! In fact most people see it everyday. His most famous portrait is of George Washington. This portrait is shown on the dollar bill and sometimes on postage stamps. His father was a Scottish immigrant, and Gilbert was their third child. He was born December 3rd, 1755. He had lived in his birthplace for seven years, then his family moved to Newport, Rhode Island. In his early teenage years, Gilbert traveled to London to study painting while apprenticed to the great American artist Benjamin West and later as a student of Joshua Reynolds. When he returned from London, Stuart live in Philadelphia, New York, and Washington D.C earning his reputation has a great portrait artist. Later in his life he moved to Boson, Massachusetts, where he died on July 9th, 1828 at the age of 72. Over the duration of his lifetime, Gilbert Stuart painted over a thousand portraits. He painted famous people, and Presidents like Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Washington.

13. Benjamin West Benjamin West was an Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London, serving from 1792 to 1805 and 1806 to 1820. West was born in Springfield, Pennsylvania, and was born on October 10th, 1738 as the tenth child of an innkeeper. The family later moved to Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, where his father was the proprietor of the Square Tavern, still standing in that town. When he was a child, Native Americans showed him how to make paint by mixing some clay from the river bank with bear grease in a pot. Benjamin West was an autodidact; while excelling at the arts, he didn’t have much of an education. Even though he was the President of the Royal Academy, he still couldn’t spell. From 1746 to 1759, West worked in Pennsylvania, mostly painting portraits. Dr. William Smith, then the provost of the College of Philadelphia, saw the painting in Henry's house and decided to patronize West, offering him education and, more important, connections with wealthy and politically-connected Pennsylvanians. During this time West met John Wollaston, a famous painter who emigrated from London. West learned Wollaston's techniques for painting the shimmer of silk and satin. In 1760, thanks to Smith and William Allen, West became to be the wealthiest man in Philadelphia, West traveled to Italy where he expanded his repertoire by copying the works of Italian painters such as Titian and Raphael. Benjamin West was close friends to Benjamin Franklin, and he painted many portraits of him. And Franklin became the godfather of West's second son, Benjamin. West painted many portraits of King George III and members of the royal family. For the rest of his life, West made a lot of art, and joined many art related corporations.

14. Sources http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg70/gg70-main1.html http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg70/gg70-main1.html History Alive textbook by Teachers' Curriculum Institute (this is our school social studies textbook) http://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cole.html http://www.gilbertstuartmuseum.com/gilbertstuart.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_West http://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cole.html http://www.gilbertstuartmuseum.com/gilbertstuart.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_West www.google.com

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