1. Chemistry Review
SNC1D

2. Mixture
a substance made of different pure substances

3. Pure Substance
a substance made of only one kind of particle

4. Mechanical Mixture
a mixture that can be separated by mechanical means

5. Heterogenous
A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform

6. Homogenous
A homogenous mixture has uniform composition and properties

7. Element
a pure substance made of only one kind of atom

8. Compound
A pure substance made of more than one type of atom that have been chemically bonded together

9. Particle Theory of Matter
All matter is made of tiny particles.
Different pure substances are made up of different types of particles.
Particles are always in constant random motion.
The particles in a substance attract each other.
The particles of a substance move faster when heated.

10. Chemical Change A change in which new substances are produced
Ex: iron rusting

11. Physical change a change in which no new substances are produced
Ex: ice melting

12. Physical Property Description of the nature of a substance
Ex: gold is a relatively soft metal

13. Chemical Property
Description of how a substance reacts with other substances
Ex: iron rusts

14. GUSS: Density
A sample of metal has a mass of 15 g and a volume of 2.0 cm3. Calculate the density of the sample.

15. Atomic Symbols
Ca calcium
Cl chlorine
Mg magnesium
Na sodium

16. Chemical Formulae
Cl2 2 chlorine H2O 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen Ca(OH)2 1 calcium, 2 oxygen, 2 hydrogen 3O2 6 oxygen

17. Metals Shiny Malleable Good conductors
Found on the left side of the Periodic Table

18. Chemical families
IA alkali metals IIA alkaline earth metals VIIA halogens VIIIA noble gases

19. Word Equations
sulphur + oxygen → sulphur dioxide reactants product

20. Word Equations
sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a great deal of heat, but leaving only sodium chloride and water sodium + hydrochloric → sodium + water hydroxide acid chloride

21. Word Equations
calcium chloride reacts with silver nitrate to produce silver chloride and calcium nitrate calcium + silver → silver + calcium chloride nitrate chloride nitrate

22. Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus

23. Atomic Mass
the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus

24. Atomic Numbers
Using the Periodic table explain how you would determine each of the following for a given atom of an element: i) # of protons: equal to the atomic number ii) # of electrons: equal to the number of protons iii) # of neutrons: equal to the atomic mass minus the number of protons

25. Atomic Numbers

26. Bohr Diagram
Fluorine:

27. Valence Shell
An atom wants 8 electrons in its outer (valence) shell to be stable.

28. Valence Shell
How many electrons do elements in the following families gain or lose to become stable? i) IA lose 1 ii) IIA lose 2 iii) VIIA gain 1 iv) VIIIA neither lose nor gain

29. Valence Shell
How many electrons do the following elements gain or lose to become stable?
Na lose 1
Mg lose 2
Cl gain 1
Ne neither lose nor gain

30. Ionic Compound
In an ionic compound, a positive metal ion is attracted to a negative non-metal ion.

31. Ionic Bonding
This attraction is an ionic bond.
(weak)

32. Sodium Chloride

33. Molecular Compound
In a molecular compound, non-metals share electrons.

34. Covalent Bonding
This sharing is a covalent bond.
(strong)

35. Water

36. Diatomic Molecule
a molecular compound formed from 2 atoms of the same element

37. Polymer
a large molecule made up of repeated smaller molecules bonded together

38. Substances
Determine whether each of the following is a mixture, element or metal:
a substance made up of identical atoms
element
b) an element found on the left side of the Periodic Table metal
c) a substance made up of parts that can be separated by physical means mixture