1. The Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2004-05 June 2005

2. Key findings Total fertility rate unchanged Maternal Mortality unchanged – 1996 was 529 in 2004/5 is 578 IMR has decreased – from 99.1 in 1999 to 68 in 2004/5 UMR has decreased – from 146.6 in 1999 to 112 in 2004/5 Malnutrition rate has decreased e.g. Stunting from 43.8% in 1999 to 38% in 2004/5 More kids (under 5 yrs of age) are sleeping under nets in 1999 was 21% and in 2004/5 is 36% Children with fever (proxy for Malaria) declined form 35% in 1999 to 23% in 2004/5

3. Background Characteristics Two third (2/3) of women are currently married About 40% of men have never been married Almost one-quarter of women have no education – this is more than twice the proportion of men Total fertility rate (TFR) has not changed since 1996 – in 1996 was 5.8 and now is 5.7 – statistically are the same TFR for rural women is 6.5 and Urban women is 3.6 this means - on average, rural women will give birth to approximately three more children during their reproductive years than urban women In general, Urban women are about twice as likely as rural women to use some contraceptive methods

4. Maternal Care and Mortality In Mainland (47%) and Zanzibar (49%) - less that half delivered in a health facility The situation is better in Urban where more that 80% delivered in health facility compared to 39% in Rural areas Maternal Mortality rate has not changed is the same with that estimated in 1996. New estimate is 578 old estimate is 529. (not significant statistically)

5. Infant and Under-fives mortality rates Mortality rates for both infants and under-fives have declined

6. Immunization About 70% of children are fully immunized There is significant variation by residence – About 80% of Urban children are fully immunized compared with 69% of rural children

7. Diarrhoea 54% of children who had diarrhoea (2 wks before the survey) were given solution prepared from ORS packet and 70% were given ORT.

8. Malaria Half of the interviewed households own mosquito nets but only 14% own ITN The trend of under-fives to sleep under net has increased from 21% in 1999 to 36 % in 2004/5 One out of ten under- fives and one of out ten pregnant mothers slept under ITN a night before the survey.

9. Exclusive breastfeeding 70% of children of less than 2 months of age are exclusively breastfed. – Data collected in 2004/5 indicate that complementary foods are introduced at a young age in Tanzania

10. Malnutrition There is a decline in malnutrition rates Moderate Stunting – 38% and severe stunting was 13% Wasting - 3% Moderate Underweight – 21% and severe underweight was 4% The nutrition status is much better in Urban compared to rural areas

11. Other nutrition apects Anaemia – two thirds of children are anaemic Anaemia - The disparity between Mainland and Zanzibar is alarming – 42% and 63% respectively Vitamin A - the coverage is 46 % three times compared to what was observed in TCHRs 1999 Iodised salt – 43% of households use adequately iodised salt – urban households are twice as likely as rural households to have fully iodised salt