1. A species is a group of similar organisms that
a. Can mate and produce fertile offspring
b. Can live together on an island
c. Have all the same traits
d. Can migrate from an island to the mainland

2. A. Can mate and reproduce fertile offspring

3. What theory proposes that evolution occurs steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time?
a. Punctuated equlilbria
b. gradualism
c. Relative dating
d. Natural selection

4. b. gradualism

5. The term that refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce is
A. Variation d. overproduction
b. Natural selection
c. competition

6. b. Natural selection

7. Most of what scientists know about extinct species is based on
a. variations
b. Sedimentary rock
c. Natural selection
d. The fossil record

8. D. The fossil record

9. What is the main way that a new species forms?
a. Mutations occur
b. cross-breeding occurs
c. A group is separated from the rest of the species
d. Competition between members of the same species

10. c. A group is separated from the rest of the species

11. How do scientists determine the actual age of a fossil?
A. Relative dating
b. Mold and casting
c. Sedimentary dating
d. Absolute dating

12. d. Absolute dating

13. What are fossils?
a. Mold and casts of live organisms
b. Drawings of ancient animals
c. Footprints or burrows of animals that live today
d. Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

14. d. Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

15. A species that no longer has any living members
A. molded
b. fossilized
c. petrified
d. extinct

16. d. extinct

17. How do most fossils form?
a.an insect becomes trapped in amber
b. An organism becomes frozen in ice
c. A dead organism becomes buried in sediment
d. A dead organism becomes buried in tar

18. c. A dead organism becomes buried in sediment

19. Which term refers to a species creating more offspring that can possibly survive?
A.evolution
b. Natural selection
c. overproduction
d. variation

20. c. overproduction

21. A branching tree is A homologous structure that plants have
A drawing that shows where different animals live
A species of tree that is not closely related
A diagram showing how scientists think different groups of organisms are related

22. d. A diagram showing how scientists think different groups of organisms are related

23. What did Darwin observe about the finches in the Galapagos Islands?
They had identical genotypes
Their feathers adapted to match their environment
Their beaks adapted to match the foods they ate
d. They had identical phenotypes

24. c. Their beaks adapted to match the foods they ate

25. What evidence suggests that ancestors of whales once walked on land?
Whales have a walking motion as they swim
Scientist have found fossils of whale-like creatures that walked on land
Whales breath through lungs
Whales have DNA similar to elephants

26. b. Scientist have found fossils of whale-like creatures that walked on land

27. What illustrates the impact of continental drift on the formation of new species?
Marsupials adapt better in North America than in Australia
Australia has fewer marsupials than South America
Most mammals in Australia are marsupials, but few exist on other continents
Placental mammals live mainly in Australia

28. c. Most mammals in Australia are marsupials, but few exist on other continents

29. What theory proposes that species evolve during short periods of rapid change?
Gradualism
Evolution
Punctuated equilibria
Absolute dating

30. c. Punctuated equilibria

31. Which terms refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?
Developmental organisms
Punctuated equilibria
DNA sequences
Homologous structures

32. d. Homologous structures

33. What evidence is most important when using relative dating?
Position of fossils in sedimentary rock layers
Types of minerals in petrified fossils
Half-life of a radioactive element
Position of sediment in petrified rock

34. Position of fossils in sedimentary rock layers

35. Entire insects have preserved in
Casts formed when mold fill with hardened minerals
Tar pits that were once covered with water
Amber formed from the hardened sap of evergreen trees
Sedimentary rock after the insects were frozen

36. c. Amber formed from the hardened sap of evergreen trees

37. Differences between members of the same species are
Variations
Selections
Predators
traits

38. a. Variations

39. The gradual change in a species over time is called
Variation
Evolution
Mutation
migration

40. b. Evolution

41. What theory agrees with fossil records that show no intermediate forms for long periods of time?
Evolution
Punctuated equilibria
Gradualism
Natural selection

42. b. Punctuated equilibria

43. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
Mutation
Variation
Selection
adaptation

44. d. adaptation

45. If 2 organisms look very similar during their early stages, this is evidence that the organisms
Evolved from a common ancestor
Are not related
Have the same DNA
Evolved from different ancestors

46. Evolved from a
common ancestor

47. How does natural selection lead to evolution?
Environmental changes kill weaker members of the species
Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species
Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the species
Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species

48. d. Helpful traits accumulate among surviving members of the species

49. Why do scientists think related species have similar body structures and development patterns?
They inherited many of the same proteins from a common ancestor
They inherited many of the same genes from one another
They inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor
They inherited all of the same genes from a common ancestor

50. c.They inherited many of the same genes from a common ancestor

51. What is the role of genes in evolution?
Only traits controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection
Only genes can be acted on by natural selection
The genes of most surviving parents have only dominant alleles
Parents with recessive genes die from overpopulation

52. Only traits controlled by genes can be acted on by natural selection

53. A change in a gene or chromosome resulting in a different or new characteristic is called
Adaptation
Variation
Natural selection
Mutation

54. d. Mutation

55. The ship that completed a 5 year voyage around the world, stopping at the Galapagos Islands was named
HMS Beagle
HMS Titanic
USS Arizona
USS Beagle

56. HMS Beagle

57. What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and on the Galapagos Islands?
The organisms on the island were unrelated to organisms on the mainland
A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the islands from the mainland
The organisms on the islands were identical to those on the mainland
A small number of plant and animal species had come to the mainland from the islands

58. b. A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the islands from the mainland

59. Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structure, early development, and DNA and protein structures to
Determine what bones an animal has in its forelimbs
Determine whether an organism will have gills during its early development
Determine the evolutionary relationships among species
Decide which fossils are older than others

60. c. Determine the evolutionary relationships among species