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BY: WUDIANTO and BAMBANG SUMIONO 2010 RESEARCH CENTER FOR CAPTURE FISHERIES AGENCY FOR MARINE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH Presented in Meeting on Coral Triangle.

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Presentation on theme: "BY: WUDIANTO and BAMBANG SUMIONO 2010 RESEARCH CENTER FOR CAPTURE FISHERIES AGENCY FOR MARINE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH Presented in Meeting on Coral Triangle."— Presentation transcript:

1 BY: WUDIANTO and BAMBANG SUMIONO 2010 RESEARCH CENTER FOR CAPTURE FISHERIES AGENCY FOR MARINE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH Presented in Meeting on Coral Triangle Fishers Forum Denpasar, 15-17 June 2010

2 OUT LINE 1.INTRODUCTION 2.DEVELOPMENT OF TRAWL FISHERIES IN INDONESIA 3.BYCATCH AND DISCARD IN TRAWL FISHERIES 4.HOW TO METIGATE BYCATCH IN TRAWL FISHERIES 5.RESEARCH ON BYCATCH IN TRAWL FISHERIES 6.CONCLUSION

3 INTRODUCTION Java Sea South China Sea Arafura Sea Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Continental Shelf : South China Sea Malacca Strait Java Sea Arafura Sea Deep Sea : Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Banda Sea Sulawesi Sea Based on this topography--- the species of fish resources are significantly diffrerent among those areas

4 Fisheries Management Areas in Indonesian Waters

5 DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR 2. Laut Cina Selatan 1. Selat Malaka 9. Samudera Hindia B (Selatan Jawa-Nusa Tenggara) 3. Laut Jawa 4. Selat Makassar dan Laut Flores 5. Laut Banda 7. Teluk Tomini dan Laut Maluku 6. Laut Arafura 8. Laut Sulawesi dan Samudera Pasifik DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS BESAR UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR DEMERSAL UDANG PELAGIS KECIL PELAGIS BESAR 9. Samudera Hindia A (Barat Sumatera) DEMERSAL = Fully Exploited= Moderate Exploited= Overfishing = Uncertain

6 Distribution of Fish Resources and Type of Fishing Gears Source: FAO, 1999 Continental shelf Slope TRAWLERS AND PURSE SEINERS PURSE SEINERS AND LONG LINERS OceanicCoastal Littoral

7 DEVELOPMENT OF TRAWL FISHERIES IN INDONESIA DEVELOPMENT OF TRAWL FISHERIES IN INDONESIA

8 Based on commercially approach there are two type of shrimp trawling in Indonesia : 1.Small scale shrimp trawling fisheries 2.Industrial/commercial shrimp trawling fisheries SHRIMP TRAWL FISHERIES

9 The shrimp fishery started commercially in Indonesia since 1969. There are three types of trawl used in the Arafura Sea, namely: 1) Double rig shrimp trawl: the head rope length is between 15 and 26 m. A try-net, with a head rope length between 2 and 4 m is used. 2) Single rig stern trawl: head rope length is between 26 and 35 m. 3) Quad trawl, this type has 4 cod- ends. The head rope length is between 20 and 25 m. Source : Ditjen P2SDKP, 2006

10 Distribution of fishing ground in Arafura Sea

11 Distribution Map of Trawl Net in Indonesia DJPT-DKP (2005)

12 BYCATCH AND DISCARDS IN SHRIMP TRAWL FISHING

13 These shrimp trawls used for capturing shrimp as target species and demersal fish as the by-catch. The by-catch includes young fish and trash fish, which are comprised of small individual fish and that almost of fish are discarded at sea. Since the trawl banning in some part of Indonesia waters in 1980 (presidential decree No.39/1980), only by-catch excluder device (BED) equipped shrimp trawl is allowed to be operated in Arafura Sea and its adjacent waters.

14 YearSub AreaRatio By-Catch:ShrimpReferences 1992IIBintuni9:1Iskandar et al. (1993) 1993IIBintuni5:1Badrudin & Karyana (1993) 1993IIIKaimana4:1Badrudin & Karyana (1993) 1995IIIKaimana5:1Nasution (1997) 1996IIIKaimana9:1Widodo (1997) 1997IIIKaimana8:1Suharyanto (1997) 1998IIIKaimana8:1Sumiono et al (1998) 2001IIIKaimana5:1Badrudin (2001) 2002IIIKaimana6:1Budihardjo & Budiman (2002) 1982IVDolak18:1Sumiono (1982) 1982IVDolak19:1Naamin & Sumiono (1983) 1985IVDolak21:1Rusmadji & Soselisa (1985) 1993IVDolak12:1Badrudin & Karyana (1993) 1982VIAru11:1Sumiono (1982) 1991VIAru13:1Widodo (1991) 1993VIAru12:1Widodo (1997) 1996VIAru8:1Widodo (1997) 1997VIAru11:1Suharyanto (1997) 1998VIAru13:1Sumiono et al (1998) 2001VIAru12:1Badrudin (2001) By-catch ratio to shrimps by sub areas caught by shrimp trawler in the Arafura waters

15 FISHING GROUND FOR SHRIMP TRAWL IN ARAFURA SEA II III IV V VI Papua Arafura Sea

16 Family / Species groups Percentage (%) 1991 1) 1997 2) 2003 3) Lutjanidae Pomadasydae Nemipteridae Formionidae Leiognathidae Mullidae Sciaenidae Theraponidae Synodontidae Other fishes 3,68 8,95 1,53 4,38 5,03 1,75 32,29 0,87 6,84 28,94 2,11 5,22 1,21 3,33 6,05 2,25 17,50 0,51 4,45 29,02 0,10 0,47 1,17 2,70 6,84 0,81 13,41 0,26 0,59 32,83 Demersal fish52,9760,0357,05 Pelagic fish22,8719,0825,68 Non fishes3,144,445,18 Shrimp21,2216,4512,09 Catch rate (kg/hr)103,2286,6148,8 Catch composition of shrimp trawl net in Arafura sea, 1991-2003 References: 1) Badrudin & Karyana (1993) 2) Sumiono et al. (1998) 3) Budihardjo & Budiman (2003)

17 Bycatch Reduction Efforts in Trawl Fisheries using BRDs

18 For reducing bycatch: Choosing a BRD or TED ? Eayrs (2005) BRDs is any modification designed principally to exclude fish bycatch from a shrimp trawl, and also exclude other animals and non-living material (debris). TED or Turtle Excluder Device is any modification to a shrimp trawl designed to reduce the capture of turtle, and large animal including sharks, stingrays, jellyfish and some large fish.

19 TED super shooter (US type) Grid length (cm) 120 cm Grid breadth (cm) 90 cm Grid bar shape and size 45 º Grid material Aluminium pipe Diameters of grid (mm) 16 mm No of element 8 Bar distance (cm) 10 cm Grid setting angle (º) 47,5 º Grid position Front part of cod end Technical specification of BRDs used in sea trials at Arafura sea Source: Purbayanto et al. (2007)

20 Square mesh window Mesh typeSquare mesh window Window positioning- Window length22 M = 978 mm (in stretched) Window breadth48 M = 2136 mm (in stretched) Mesh opening (mm)B1 = 22,5 mm (A,B,C) and B2 =31,75 mm (D) Netting materialPE 380, 60 fly Knotted/knotlessKnotted Twine typeMultifilament (raschel net) Twisted/braided twineTwisted Single/double twineSingle Twine diameter (mm)1,60 mm (A,B,C) and 2,30 mm (D) Twine colourGreen Source: Purbayanto et al. (2007)

21 Fish eye Fish eye Code- Fish eye material Stainless steel Diameter of fish eye (mm) 12,7 mm Length of frame (cm) 55 cm Breadth of elliptical opening (cm) 20 cm Width of elliptical opening (cm) 45 cm Fish eye position - Source: Purbayanto et al. (2007)

22 RESEARCH ON BYCATCH REDUCTION DEVICES (BRDs) IN SHRIMP TRAWL FISHING

23 Research on selective devices for industrial shrimp fishing had been carried out by Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF) and other institution ; Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and Directorate General of Capture Fisheries. Some types of selective devices had been researched through fishing experiment method, namely ; 1.BED (By-catch Excluder Device) or rigid hooped TED (Turtle Excluder Device) 2.SS-TED (Super Shooter-Turtle Excluder Device) and 3.JTED for juvenile excluder device rigid hooped TED single-grid hard TED

24 The research was aimed to determine design & construction of by-catch excluder devices that would be easy to use, would not affect the catch (especially for shrimp) and would be easily accepted by fishermen. The research was began with a collaborative fishing trial by introducing BED (the first type TED) to shrimp fishing companies in Arafura Sea in 1982. Source, Dept. PSP, FPIK-IPB

25 Type of BRD YearLocationVesselType of Trawler Institution BED/TED1982ArafuraCommDouble rigRIMF, AAAT,IPB BED/TED1982Southern Cilacap R/VStern trawlRIMF SS-TED1997Aru and Dolak CommDouble rigRIMF SS-TED2002Northern Java R/VStern trawlRIMF SS-TED2006Makassar strait R/VStern trawlRIMF SS-TED2007Arafura waters Comm.Double rigIPB, DGCF JTED2007Northern Java RVStern trawlRIMF Some fishing experiment of selective devices on shrimp trawling fisheries

26 Avarage rate of by-catch reduction and loss of shrimp per towing Avarage rate of by-catch reduction and loss of shrimp per towing Catches BED in Arafura waters BED in Southern Cilacap waters Kg/hour%Kg/hour% By-catch80.142.5186.263.9 Shrimp4.327.481.431.4 RESULTS OF FISHING EXPERIMENT Fishing exp in Arafura waters used pair towing of two nets and in Cilacap waters used single towing net. These results could not prove the potential benefit of BED to be promoted to industrial shrimp fishing in the Arafura Sea. In addition the BED was heavy, large and difficult to handle.

27 Average of by-catch reduction and loss of shrimp per towing By-catchShrimp Kg/jam%Kg/jam% SS-TED Aru ’82 128.441.153.434.07 SS-TED Dolak ’82 196.645.659.333.09 SS-TED Arafura ‘97 219.964.23.221.9 SS-TED Northern Jawa ‘02 14.95 – 96.27 5 - 60 0.34 – 1.55 13 - 59 SS-TED Arafura ‘07 19.532.9 Fishing exp in Arafura, Aru and Dolak waters used pair towing of two nets and in Northern Java waters used single towing net These results still could not prove the potential benefit of the SS-TED, because high loss of shrimp catch occurred. However the construction of SS-TED simpler than BED and easy to handle

28 125 cm 110 cm 12 mm 10 mm 4,6,8,10,12 cm Spesification frame of SS-TED in Java Sea fishing experiment

29 Exit hole Cover net codend funnel Frame top cover over the window (Wileman et al., 1996) Data collecting method

30  Mahiswara (2004) reported that: TED super shooter decreased bycatch/towing/ hour by 5% (12 cm grid space) and by 60% (4 cm grid space). TED super shooter decreased bycatch/towing/ hour by 5% (12 cm grid space) and by 60% (4 cm grid space). Ari Purbayanto, Prof.Dr. TED performance (815 shots, 3 years period) turtle reduction 99% stingray reduction 96% large shark reduction 80% sponge reduction 80% shrimp loss 2 – 38% Source: Eayrs (2006)

31 JTED (bar 1.75 mm) save fish of 33 % ( Widodo & Mahiswara, 2007 ) 67 % 33 % Juvenile fish Retained Escaped Experiment result on the use of JTED on mini trawl at Northern Java waters

32 Conclusion The ratio of by catch and shrimp as target species are fluctuated depend on fishing areas. The catch of bigger size of fish tend to decrease in the recent year. Result from experimental fishing indicated that technically BRD and SS-TED were effective enough in reducing by-catch. The use of by-catch excluder devices is compulsory on board for shrimp trawlers in Arafura Sea. In general, the fishing operators have still not perceived the benefit from using the devices because some loss of shrimp. Research for improving by-catch excluder devices should be carried out, include to study of soft BRD (square mesh and fish eye) and JTED.

33 Thank You

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