1. Cognitive Psychology, 2 nd Ed. Chapter 13 Problem Solving

2. Types of Thinking Directed vs. undirected thinking Reproductive vs. productive thinking Well-defined vs. ill-defined problems -initial state, subgoals, and goal -operators & problem space

4. General Problem Solver Representing the problem properly is critical. -MC problem -monk problem Isomorphic problems -monster problem

10. Problem Space Search Algorithm -trial and error -systematic search Heuristics -working backwards -analogies -means end analysis

14. Domain-Specific Knowledge Knowledge is power -finding good representations -learning effective search -metacognitive monitoring

17. Creativity Historical vs. process creativity -novel product -useful product -special talent Stages of creative process -preparation -incubation -illumination -verification

18. Creative Blocks Poor representation with unnecessary constraints Fixation Functional fixedness

21. Historically Creative People Muse or good thinking? Simonton’s Darwinian Model -large number of varied ideas -random selection of variations -individual and societal selection