1. 2003 SMMA Meeting 1 The DynaMotor TM Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor A Novel High Torque Brushless Repulsion Motor

2. 2003 SMMA Meeting2 Presentation Contents Abstract Abstract Background Background The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor ASD The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor ASD Controlling the Brushless Repulsion Motor (EBR) Controlling the Brushless Repulsion Motor (EBR) Performance of the EBR motor Performance of the EBR motor

3. 2003 SMMA Meeting3 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors

4. 2003 SMMA Meeting4 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors

5. 2003 SMMA Meeting5 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushes The EBR has no commutator or brushes

6. 2003 SMMA Meeting6 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushes The EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation

7. 2003 SMMA Meeting7 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushes The EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Isolated control of the commutation switches Isolated control of the commutation switches

8. 2003 SMMA Meeting8 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushes The EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Isolated control of the commutation switches Isolated control of the commutation switches Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise switching Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise switching

9. 2003 SMMA Meeting9 Abstract The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors Similar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushes The EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for commutation Isolated control of the commutation switches Isolated control of the commutation switches Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise switching Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise switching Universal motor torque-speed characteristic Universal motor torque-speed characteristic

10. 2003 SMMA Meeting10 Background Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications

11. 2003 SMMA Meeting11 Background Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential application Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential application

12. 2003 SMMA Meeting12 Background Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential application Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential application Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the motor Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the motor

13. 2003 SMMA Meeting13 Background Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial applications Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential application Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential application Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the motor Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the motor Conventional ASDs using dc motors have a brush/commutator maintenance issue Conventional ASDs using dc motors have a brush/commutator maintenance issue

14. 2003 SMMA Meeting14 The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor

15. 2003 SMMA Meeting15 The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor

16. 2003 SMMA Meeting16 The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Runs on single phase power Runs on single phase power

17. 2003 SMMA Meeting17 The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Runs on single phase power Runs on single phase power Simple construction – similar to a universal motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1 Simple construction – similar to a universal motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1

18. 2003 SMMA Meeting18 The Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motor Runs on single phase power Runs on single phase power Simple construction – similar to a universal motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1 Simple construction – similar to a universal motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1 2-Pole and 4-Pole construction most common types with 6-Pole and 8-Pole as viable alternatives 2-Pole and 4-Pole construction most common types with 6-Pole and 8-Pole as viable alternatives

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20. 2003 SMMA Meeting20 2-Pole EBR Definitions

21. 2003 SMMA Meeting21 Field Pattern of 2-pole EBR Motor

22. 2003 SMMA Meeting22 “Hard” and “Soft” Neutral Positions

23. 2003 SMMA Meeting23 Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coil Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque

24. 2003 SMMA Meeting24 Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coil Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torque Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torque

25. 2003 SMMA Meeting25 Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coil Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torque Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torque Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torque Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torque

26. 2003 SMMA Meeting26 Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coil Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torque Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torque Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torque Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torque Rotor angles between 270° and 360° (0°) make positive torque Rotor angles between 270° and 360° (0°) make positive torque

27. 2003 SMMA Meeting27 4-Pole EBR Definitions

28. 2003 SMMA Meeting28 Field Pattern of 4-Pole EBR Motor

29. 2003 SMMA Meeting29 Torque Production as a Function of Rotor Position The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle changes The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle changes

30. 2003 SMMA Meeting30 Torque Production as a Function of Rotor Position The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle changes The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle changes The shape and polarity of the torque has half- wave symmetry about the 90° (270°) electrical position. The shape and polarity of the torque has half- wave symmetry about the 90° (270°) electrical position.

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33. 2003 SMMA Meeting33 Torque Production as a Function of Rotor Position To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque region To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque region

34. 2003 SMMA Meeting34 Torque Production as a Function of Rotor Position To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque region To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque region To produce negative torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the negative torque region To produce negative torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the negative torque region

35. 2003 SMMA Meeting35 Controlling the EBR Motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control” The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control”

36. 2003 SMMA Meeting36 Controlling the EBR Motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control” The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control” Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle” Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle”

37. 2003 SMMA Meeting37 Controlling the EBR Motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control” The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control” Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle” Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle” Basic circuit elements include a small power supply, some photo detectors, the solid-state switches to short the coils, and a transient energy clamp circuit Basic circuit elements include a small power supply, some photo detectors, the solid-state switches to short the coils, and a transient energy clamp circuit

38. 2003 SMMA Meeting38 Controlling the EBR Motor The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coils The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coils

39. 2003 SMMA Meeting39 Controlling the EBR Motor The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coils The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coils Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing region. Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing region.

40. 2003 SMMA Meeting40 Controlling the EBR Motor The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the armature coils angular spacing The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the armature coils angular spacing Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing region. Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing region. Multiple coils produce many torque pulses per revolution Multiple coils produce many torque pulses per revolution

41. 2003 SMMA Meeting41 Photo detectors on the control assembly

42. 2003 SMMA Meeting42 MOSFET power switches on control assembly

43. 2003 SMMA Meeting43 LED array

44. 2003 SMMA Meeting44 Controlling the EBR Motor The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position control The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position control

45. 2003 SMMA Meeting45 Controlling the EBR Motor The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position control The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position control This method uses the same LED arrangement as a simple position control except the number of LEDS that are turned on in the LED array is controlled to adjust the control angle, thereby controlling the motor torque and speed. This method uses the same LED arrangement as a simple position control except the number of LEDS that are turned on in the LED array is controlled to adjust the control angle, thereby controlling the motor torque and speed.

46. 2003 SMMA Meeting46 Controlling the EBR Motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Timer Control of the EBR motor

47. 2003 SMMA Meeting47 Controlling the EBR Motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo detectors and LEDs Simplified positioning of the photo detectors and LEDs

48. 2003 SMMA Meeting48 Controlling the EBR Motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo detectors and LEDs Simplified positioning of the photo detectors and LEDs Accurate speed control as a by product of timer control Accurate speed control as a by product of timer control

49. 2003 SMMA Meeting49 Controlling the EBR Motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Timer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo detectors and LEDs Simplified positioning of the photo detectors and LEDs Accurate speed control as a by product of timer control Accurate speed control as a by product of timer control Timer control is most readily implemented using a small microprocssor Timer control is most readily implemented using a small microprocssor

50. 2003 SMMA Meeting50 Performance of the EBR motor Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application

51. 2003 SMMA Meeting51 Performance of the EBR motor Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of operating above “base speed”

52. 2003 SMMA Meeting52 Performance of the EBR motor Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave voltage supplies Capable of running on sine or square-wave voltage supplies

53. 2003 SMMA Meeting53 Performance of the EBR motor Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave voltage supplies Capable of running on sine or square-wave voltage supplies Multiple motors can operate from the same power source Multiple motors can operate from the same power source

54. 2003 SMMA Meeting54 Performance of the EBR motor Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP application Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave voltage supplies Capable of running on sine or square-wave voltage supplies Multiple motors can operate from the same power source Multiple motors can operate from the same power source Operates well in constant HP or constant torque applications Operates well in constant HP or constant torque applications

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57. 2003 SMMA Meeting57 Conclusions The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed. The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed.

58. 2003 SMMA Meeting58 Conclusions The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed. The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed. High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drive High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drive

59. 2003 SMMA Meeting59 Conclusions The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed. The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed. High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drive High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drive An EBR motor is a better choice than forcing a conventional motor to be a variable speed motor An EBR motor is a better choice than forcing a conventional motor to be a variable speed motor