1. BUILDING ON A TRADITION OF EXCELLENCE
Chapter 2 - C

2. Child Care Movement

3. Child Care: A different path
Kindergarten & Preschool
Child Care Movement
Child study;
Middle class children- choice;
Education and development focus;
$$ State monies
Social welfare effort for poor families;
Need to support working parents
Focus on physical care of children initially
$$ Federal child care funding – connected to public policy

4. Key People Margaret & Rachel McMillan – London & USA early 20th C
Offer children and alternative to dire living conditions in slums
Set up a health clinic, nursery school and training school
Focus: “open-air”, healthy living, development – day nurseries

5. Key Events Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1930s
High unemployment rate (25%)
WPA nurseries – opened 9-5; provided jobs and supported families seeking work; rapid growth=often untrained staff
Lanham Act – World War II massive workshift
Work-site child care hours per day
Kaiser Shipbuilding – 24 hour nursery school – all year long
Comprehensive services: Health services; nutritious meals for children/mothers; parent education; play-based experiences; teacher training

6. African American Leaders

7. Equal Rights ~ Equal Education?
1954 Brown vs Brown – desegregated schools
Education = Advancement
HBCU operated Teacher Education programs and lab schools
Parralled current trends and influences in ECE
Major players in the development of ECE profession
Evangeline Ward – NAEYC Code of Ethics and Child Development Associate (CDA) credentialing
Foundation for a National Movement – Head Start

8. Head Start

9. Bringing the Stories Together
1960s Civil Rights movement – President Lyndon Johnson War on Poverty
Represents the coming together of Nursery School movement and Child Care movement
Based on lesson learned from early child care history!

10. Head Start: Key Components
Comprehensive Program
Serve the whole child; Multidisciplinary
10% children with disabilities; early intervention
Educational Program
Bank Street model; Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Improvement of teacher quality & compensation
Parent Involvement Program
Involved in classroom; involved in decision making
Parents as teachers; increased professional development
National Laboratory
Research; development of curriculum; teacher training models
Locally administered and controlled
Integrity and consistency – HS Performance Standards

11. Lessons Learned Fundamental questions continue… Many ideas revisited…
Emerging differences….
INTENTIONAL teaching
Development more than unfolding…INTERACTIVE
FLEXIBILITY in Standards and approaches
We are still changing!