1. ASY-EOS Past and future: PR Milano, 28/04/14

2. Fuchs and Wolter, EPJA 30 (2006) EOS of symmetric nuclear and neutron matter from Ab initio calculations (red) and phenomenological approaches E bind (MeV) E sym E Sym (MeV) Symmetry Energy

3. Qingfeng Li, J. Phys. G31 1359-1374 (2005) P.Russotto et al., Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011) UrQMD :Au+Au @ 400 AMeV 5.5<b<7.5 fm  =1.5  =0.5 Y = rapidity pt = transverse momentum High densities: flows Elliptic flow: competition between in plane (V2>0) and out-of-plane ejection (V2<0) Transverse flow: provides information on the on the azimuthal anisotropy of the transverse nucleon emission

4. Neutron/hydrogen FP1: γ = 1.01 ± 0.21 FP2: γ = 0.98 ± 0.35 neutron/proton FP1: γ = 0.99 ± 0.28 FP2: γ = 0.85 ± 0.47 adopted: γ = 0.9 ± 0.4 Au+Au 400 A MeV b< 7.5 fm Y. Leifels et al., PRL 71, 963 (1993) P.Russotto et al., PLB 697 (2011) LAND coverage 37°<  lab <53° 61°<  lab <85° FOPI/LAND experiment on neutron squeeze out (1991)

5. M.D. Cozma et al., Towards a model-independent constraint of the high- density dependence of the symmetry energy, arXiv:1305.5417arXiv:1305.5417 [nucl-th] PRC88 044912 (2013) Results with Tübingen QMD and UrQMD x =-1.0±1.0

6. LAND+VETO TOFWALL Krakow array Beam Line µBall Target Chimera Start detector Shadow bars µBall: 4 rings CsI(Tl), Θ>60°. Discriminate real target vs. air interactions at backward angles. Multiplicity measurements. Shadow bar: evaluation of background neutrons in LAND LAND: Large Area Neutron Detector. Plastic scintillators sandwiched with Fe 2x2x1 m 3 plus plastic veto wall. New Taquila front-end electronics. Neutrons and Hydrogen detection. Flow measurements TOFWALL: 96 plastic bars Tof, Energy X-Y position. Trigger, impact parameter and reaction plane determination Kracow array: 35 (5x7) triple telescopes (Si-CsI- CsI) placed at 21°<Θ<60° with digital readout. Light particles and IMFs emitted at midrapidity ASY-EOS S394 experiment @ GSI Darmstadt (May 2011) Au+Au, 96 Zr+ 96 Zr, 96 Ru+ 96 Ru @ 400 AMev CHIMERA: 8 (2x4) rings, high granularity CsI(Tl), 352 detectors 7°<Θ<20° + 16x2 pads silicon detectors. Light charged particle identification by PSD. Multiplicity, Z, A, Energy measurement, Reaction plane determi-nation

7. * Random uniform distribution EKin<100 Mev Some kinematics Au+Au @ 400 AMeV * P. Russotto et al., EPJA 50, 38 2014. P. Russotto et al., Procs. of INPC2013, in press on EPJ Web of Conf. P. Russotto et al., Journal of Phys. Conf. Series 420, 012092, (2013)

8. Background rejection

9. Centrality selection

10. Reaction plane orientation Au+Au @ 400 AMeV g40_23092013 for Yc.m.>0.1 J-Y Ollitrault arXiv:nucl-ex/9711003v2 b selectionχ∼χ∼ ∼ ΔΦ (deg) ∼ b>7.5 fm1.010.3634 3<b<7.5 fm1.520.6026 b< 3 fm1.300.5229 ad. from P. Danielewicz et al., PLB 1985 for Yc.m.<0.1

11. Preliminary azimuthal distribution from LAND Au+Au @ 400 AMeV b< 7.5 fm preliminary

13. Au+Au @ 400 AMeV b< 7.5 fm

14. Au+Au @ 400 AMeV b< 7.5 fm L=70±9

15. Towards FAIR 132 Sn, 106 Sn beams

18. FAIR rates

19. I. Gasparic AsyEOS2012 workshop, 6.9.2012, Siracusa, Italy NeuLAND technical design finalized in Oct 2011, TDR submitted total volume 2.5x2.5x3 m 3 3000 modules (plastic scintilator bars) 250x5x5 cm 3 each bar readout by two PMT 30 double planes with 100 bars each, bars in neighboring planes mutually perpendicular σ t ≤ 150 ps σ x,y,z ≤ 1.5 cm one-neutron efficiency ~95% for energies 200-1000 MeV multi-neutron detection capability

20. The construction of the full detector will take about 3.5 years, and will be done in 3 steps. In the first step (November 2012), we will use a small assembly of 150 bars to determine time and position resolution with neutrons and validate simulation results. The neutrons of energies between 250 and 1500 MeV will be produced by proton knock-out reactions using a deuteron beam. In the second step, a 20% of detector will be available for physics experiments in the end of 2014 in Cave C at GSI, which will already profit from an improved resolution for neutron detection. The fully-equiped NeuLAND detector will be commissioned and available for the first experiments at Cave C in 2016. In 2017, the detector will move to its final location in the R3B hall at the FAIR site, being fully operational for physics experiments in 2018 when Super-FRS will deliver first beams at FAIR. NeuLAND technical design

21. Califa CALorimeter for the In Flight detection of γ rays and light charged pArticles CsI(Tl) read by APD with digital read-out

22. Califa: CALorimeter for the In Flight detection of γ rays and light charged pArticles

23. FOPI forward wall

24. NeuLAND Fopi Forward Wall+CHIMERA* Califa Kratta, Farcos, LAND ASY-EOS future set-up * Ring 1-2-3 (θ<7°)

25. SystemEnergy (A∙MeV)I^2(proj,targ)Density/ρ 0 When (???) 197 Au+ 197 Au6000.039+0.0392.52017-2018 197 Au+ 197 Au8000.039+0.0392.52017-2018 197 Au+ 197 Au10000.039+0.03932017-2018 132 Sn+ 124 Sn4000.059+0.03722019-2020 132 Sn+ 124 Sn8000.059+0.0372.52019-2020 132 Sn+ 124 Sn10000.059+0.03732019-2020 132 Sn+ 124 Sn15000.059+0.03732019-2020 106 Sn+ 112 Sn4000.003+0.01122019-2020 106 Sn+ 112 Sn8000.003+0.0112.52019-2020 106 Sn+ 112 Sn10000.003+0.01132019-2020 106 Sn+ 112 Sn15000.003+0.01132019-2020 Beams and planning

28. END

29. Constraints of the Symmetry Energy B.A. Li NuSym13 summary talk S 0 L Terrestrial laboratories Several constraints (quite consistent among them) around and below  0 Few constraints above  0

30. N/Z of high density regions sensitive to E sym (ρ) High ρ>ρ 0 : asy-stiff more repulsive on neutrons stiffness B.A. Li et al., PRC71 (2005) Which densities can be explored in the early stage of the reaction ? Bao-An Li, NPA 708 (2002) High density symmetry energy in relativistic heavy ion collisions

31. IBUU04 ImIQMD E sym at high density: π - /π + ratio Z. Xiao et al., PRL 102 (09) Z.Q. Feng, PLB 683 (2010) Ferini, at al., NPA 762 (2005) NL NLρ NLρδ W.J. Xie, at al., PLB 718 (2013) RMF ImIBL

32.   1230 E sym (MeV) 1 1 2 (measured by FOPI, for different systems and energies, as compared to different models) Results model dependent Density dependence of symmetry energy unambiguously soft or hard BUT symmetry energy → n/p ratio, number of nn, np, pp collisions medium → effective masses (N  ), cross sections → thresholds → Interpretation of pion data not straight forward Kaons: more sensitive probes? Higher thresholds Weakly interacting in medium Freeze-out already at 20 fm/c See: Z. Xiao et al., PRL 102 (09) IBUU04 Z.Q. Feng, PLB 683 (2010) ImIQMD W.J. Xie, at al., PLB 718 (2013) ImIBL G. Ferini, at al., NPA 762 (2005) RMF E sym at high density: π - /π + ratio

33. UrQMD: momentum dep. of isoscalar field momentum dep. of NNECS momentum independent power-law parameterization of the symmetry energy Tübingen-QMD: density dep. of NNECS asymmetry dep. of NNECS soft vs. hard EoS width of wave packets momentum dependent (Gogny inspired) parameterization of the symmetry energy M.D. Cozma, PLB 700, 139 (2011); arXiv:1102.2728 Results with Tübingen QMD Au+Au 400 A MeV b< 7.5 fm stiffnes M.D. Cozma et al., Towards a model-independent constraint of the high-density dependence of the symmetry energy, arXiv:1305.5417arXiv:1305.5417 [nucl-th] PRC88 044912 (2013) x =-1.35±1.25

34. Why 132 Sn?

37. Au+Au @ 400 AMeV b< 7.5 fm L=76±9