1. FLINN FRQ PRACTICE

2. Question 1 1A1 – natural selection and evolution
1A2 – natural selection and phenotypic variations
2D1 – all biological systems are affected by abiotic and biotic interactions
3C1 – changes in genotype and resulting changes in phenotypes
4C2 – environmental factors influence expression of genotypes

3. Criteria
You have been asked to design a procedure to create a strain of Escherichia coli that will survive in a nutrient broth that contains 11% sodium chloride. In order to focus on the procedure itself, the use of aseptic technique will be assumed.

4. A. design the procedure. The procedure must include reference to the following:
4 points maximum
1 point maximum for controls
1 point maximum for defining the starting culture
1 point maximum for the procedure
1 point maximum for a method to ensure the end bacteria is the same strain as the starting bacteria

5. Appropriate responses but not limited to the following
Controls – a single strain of E coli, temperature, humidity control, incubation time, nutrients provided
Description of starting point – nutrient broth with no salt added
Procedure – incremental addition of sodium chloride to successive cultures
Method to ensure starting and ending bacteria are the same – PCR and electrophoresis or Gram stain

6. B. based upon your procedure, list three of the materials needed to conduct the procedure you developed in part a. Equipment for aseptic technique is assumed and should not be listed. For each item explain its purpose in the experiment.
6 points maximum
Appropriate materials and their purpose include but are not limited to the following:
2 points each correct pair

7. Material
Purpose
E coli culture
Bacterial strain to be altered in the experiment
Nutrient broth
Provide the essential nutrients necessary for bacterial growth
Sodium chloride
The dependent variable
Sterile culture tubes
Containers where E coli will be grown
Inoculating loop
Used to transfer E coli from one culture to another
Balance
Used to mass the amount of nutrient broth and salt for each step in the procedure
Stirrer/hot plate
Used to prepare the salt broth
Incubator
Used to control the temperature and humidity of the experiment