1. Different layouts of various piston engine
ENGINE TYPES
Piston Engines Types
Different layouts of various piston engine

2. Piston Engine Types - Layouts
Single
Vee Twin
Inline 3
Inline 4
Inline 5
Piston Engine Types - Layouts

3. Piston Engine Types - Layouts
Vee 5
Vee 6
Vee 8
Piston Engine Types - Layouts

4. Horizontally Opposed (Or flat) 4 Piston Engine Types - Layouts
Vee 8
Firing Order: -
1 – 4 – 3 – 2
1 – 8 – 4 – 3 – 6 – 5 – 7 – 2
Piston Engine Types - Layouts

5. Piston Engine Types – 2 Stroke Cycle
Piston at TDC
Stroke 1
Port A – Crankcase Inlet
Port C - Exhaust
Port B – Cylinder Inlet
Piston rising pulls fuel/air mixture into crankcase; compression causes combustion
Piston at BDC
Stroke 2
Piston pushed down forces fuel/air mixture into cylinder
Piston Engine Types – 2 Stroke Cycle

6. Mechanical Arrangement – Petrol Diesel
Direct Injection
Engine Cross Section
Indirect Injection
Inlet
Exhaust
Same mechanical set-up as petrol engine
Combustion initiated by hot compressed air
But no spark plugs!
Mechanical Arrangement – Petrol
Diesel

7. Mechanical Arrangement – Wankel Engine
Engine Cross Section
Casing
The piston rotates around the fixed pinion
Rotating Triangular ‘Piston’
But the shape of the piston and the casing also make the piston move up and down by a small amount as well
Fixed (non-rotating) Pinion
Inlet Port
Rotating ‘Crankshaft’
Output Shaft
Exhaust Port
Spark Plug
This motion drives the rotating crankshaft
Points of contact marked in yellow
Which in turn drives the output shaft
Mechanical Arrangement – Wankel Engine

8. Mechanical Arrangement – Wankel Engine
Engine Cycle
Chamber A
Chamber B
Inlet Port
Exhaust Port
Chamber C
Mechanical Arrangement – Wankel Engine

9. Mechanical Arrangement – Radial/Rotary Engines
Le Rhone
Cylinders
Crankcase
Propeller Mount Bolts
Valve Gear
Valve Pushrod
Spark Plug
Mechanical Arrangement – Radial/Rotary Engines

10. (viewed from the front) Radial powered motorbike
Radial/Rotary
Radial
(viewed from the side)
Rotary
(viewed from the side)
Aircraft Nose
Radial powered motorbike
Model aero engine
28 Cylinder Radial
Mechanical Arrangement – Radial/Rotary Engines

11. Mechanical Arrangement – Engine Size
To fairly big!
Cylinder Head Bolts
Is there any limits to size?
Crankshaft
They go from tiny: -
Flat Twin
Cylinder Liners
Hand Held
Flywheel
Cylinder Block
Mechanical Arrangement – Engine Size

12. Mechanical Arrangement
That was a brief explanation of various internal combustion engine variants
There are more variations to be found on the internet
Mechanical Arrangement