Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

So why are theories important? 1)Guides research 2)Guides clinical work 3)Creates new hypotheses.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "So why are theories important? 1)Guides research 2)Guides clinical work 3)Creates new hypotheses."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 So why are theories important? 1)Guides research 2)Guides clinical work 3)Creates new hypotheses

3 Joiner’s Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior Van Orden, Witte, Gordon, Bender & Joiner, 2008 Those Who Desire to Die Thwarted Belongingness Perceived Burdensomeness Those who are capable of suicide May endorse suicidal ideation At greatest risk of suicide

4 www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jrjf3V7Tc1c The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior argues that, in order to enact lethal self- harm, an individual must habituate to physical pain and the fear of death. This process of habituation occurs through repeated exposure to painful and provocative events. Examples of habituation?

5  Emphasized collective social forces and dismissed most other factors  Disturbed regulation of the individual by society Two basic types of regulation: 1) Social integration - Low integration = “egoistic” - when people feel like they don’t belong, purposeless and become desperate * Similar to Joiner’s concept of belongingness - High integration = “altruistic” – Excessive integration leads people to lose themselves and to commit to a larger goal * Similar to Joiner’s concept of burdernsomeness 2) Moral regulation - Low regulation = “anomic” - Sudden changes in the social position of an individual due to abrupt changes in society lead to a lack of social direction - High regulation = “fatalistic” – Occurs among people who live overregulated, unrewarding lives.

6  Why was he so influential? 1)Emphasized social disconnection as a major source for one’s desire to end his/her life 2)Introduced the concept of perceived burdensomeness as a risk factor to serious suicidal behavior 3)There were very few theorists during this time -Sullivan -Menninger

7  Focused on the nature of psychological needs and the consequences of having those needs thwarted  “Suicide is caused by a certain kind of psychological pain called “psychache”. ◦ Psychache is defined as a general psychological and emotional pain that reaches intolerable intensity. ◦ Risk factors operate by increasing psychache which predisposes one to suicidality.

8  Psychache is compatible with Joiner’s concepts of perceived burdensomeness and failed belongingnes.

9  Emphasized the role of hopelessness ◦ In one study Beck and colleagues correctly identified 91% of those who later died by suicide. ◦ Those with high hopelessness were 11 times more likely to die by suicide than those with lower scores.  Joiner believes that hopelessness doesn’t tell the whole story and is not sufficient for suicidal behavior. ◦ Hopelessness about belongingness and burdensomeness is required, together with the acquired capability for serious self-harm

10  Beck also argued that previous suicidal experience sensitizes suicide-related thoughts and behaviors so that they become more accessible and active. ◦ Allows for subsequent episodes to be more easily triggered and more severe ◦ Shares similarities with Joiner’s model which proposes an escalating course of suicidal behavior over time through habituation.

11  Proposed an escaped theory of suicide  Described a series of steps leading up to serious suicidal behavior: 1) Individual experiences a negative and severe discrepancy between expectations and actual events 2) An aversive state of high self-awareness develops, which produces negative affect * Person may dwell on personal inadequacies leading to distress, sadness, and worry.

12  3) Person attempts to escape from negative affect as well as from the aversive self- awareness by retreating into a numb state of cognitive deconstruction. * Person disregards meaningful thoughts about self and replaces them with lower-level more immediate goals and tasks. * Reduced inhibition results which leads to a lack of impulse control in general (particularly with respect to suicidal behavior).

13  Fluid Vulnerability Model ◦ Suicidal episodes are time-limited. ◦ Risk factors that both trigger a suicidal episode and determine the duration and severity of an episode are fluid. ◦ Imminent risk cannot endure beyond periods of heightened arousal. ◦ Baseline risk varies from person to person.

14 Suicidal Mode Fluid Vulnerability Model Adapted from Rudd, 2006


Download ppt "So why are theories important? 1)Guides research 2)Guides clinical work 3)Creates new hypotheses."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google