1. Pressure Ulcers

2. Pressure Ulcer

3. Pressure ulcer – Definition Open sore caused by pressure, friction, and moisture. These factors lead to reduced blood flow to the are and subsequent tissue death. The most common sites for pressure ulcer are over bony Prominences

4. PU Staging System Stage 1 May include changes in one or more of the following: Skin temperature (warmth or coolness) Tissue consistency (firm or boggy feel) Sensation (pain, itching) The ulcer appears as a defined area of persistent redness in lightly pigmented skin, whereas in darker skin tones, the ulcer may appear with persistent red, blue, or purple hues.

5. Stage 2 Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both. The ulcer is superficial and presents clinically as an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater. PU Staging System

6. Stage 3 Full thickness skin loss involving damage to, or necrosis of, subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia. PU Staging System

7. Stage 4 Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures (e.g., tendon, joint, capsule). PU Staging System

8. Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors Pressure Ulcer

9. Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors It remains to be determined which, if any, risk factor by itself increases the risk of PU, which risk factors are more important than others, and which combinations of risk factors appear to be the major contributors to the development of PU. However, the literature suggests that a combination of risk factors, intrinsic and extrinsic, is more likely to predict the development of PU than any one risk factor by itself.

10. Pressure ulcer prevention Good skin care Visually inspect the skin Warm reddened area indicates a possible site of tissue breakdown Time for skin to recover …… !!! Modification for the position, schedule, procedure, equipment, or orthotics is necessary If patient can not perform skin inspection by himself, a care provider should be instructed to perform these tasks everyday Pressure relief In bed: change position every …… !!! In sitting: every ….. for ……. !!!!!