1. Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity Wulf Greve German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (FIS) and Federal Maritime Agency for Shipping and Hydrography (BSH), Hamburg Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research

2. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Introduction: The research process: from DESCRIPTION via ANALYSIS to PROGNOSIS Properties of marine organisms, a case study: Helgoland Roads Zooplankton NICHE model requirements individual, inter-individual and community properties The second dimension of biodiversity Property communication: definition, standardisation, data mining, Definition: unifying concepts vrs. specific demand.Standardisation: computers need numbers, “bye catch retrieval”, measurement property rights, individual recognition and control via indices new ways of communicatrion, Perspective: From knowledge management networks to automated data mining Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity

3. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity The research process: from DESCRIPTION via ANALYSIS to PROGNOSIS Biodiversity is the basis to most biological disciplines e.g. taxonomy, systematics, evolution research, ecology to molecular genetics. Each discipline is interested in a specific set of organic properties of the taxonomic units generally understood as species richness or biodiversity. The specific set of organic properties requested by ecological research is used as an example of the specific species inherent information needs of any discipline. Ecology can prognose future biodiversity.

4. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity A case study: species list Helgoland Roads Zooplankton DESCRIPTION via ANALYSIS to PROGNOSIS e.g. mutual predation property needs of the NICHE model Properties of marine organisms e.g. ontogeny, physiology, ethology to biodiverse community properties:trophodynamics to stability The second dimension of biodiversity

5. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity The time-series „Helgoland Roads Zooplankton“ documents the abundance changes on a weekly basis for 400 populations

6. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity Fig. Calanus Fig. PLPI limerick mutual exclusion stability manifold Calanus helgolandicus Pleurobrachia pileus Coscinodiscus concinnus

7. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity

8. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity Numeric definition of interpopulative trophodynamics REAGENT RESPONSES: AGENT: PLEUROBRACHIA AGENT: CALANUS REAGENT: CALANUS REAGENT: PLEUROBRACHIA

9. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity The NICHE model (Equation 1) calculation of metabolic activity (Equation 2) calculation of growth (Equation 3) calculation of reproduction (Equation 4) calculation of starvation (Equation 5) calculation of change for the reagent R i The trophodynamic parameter matrix In the NICHE model the following processes have been regarded as common to all zooplankton populations:  the ontogenetic development through specifiable discrete stages  the recruitment into earlier stages (juveniles) from later stages - the dependence of growth, starvation and recruitment from the nutritional state  the species-specific limitation of each of these processes  the limitation of the nutritional state by satiation  the definability of trophic interaction through e.g. the ARE standard The NICHE model therefore is a general individual based model (IBM) for any combination of zooplankton populations. The distinctions of these are represented in the parameter values, the model requires. These consist of two groups of parameter values: the trophodynamic parameter matrix and the physiological parameter matrix. INTERACTION-MATRIX Agent Reagent NICHE -MODEL The physiological parameter matrix is composed of the following requested entries: the size (  gC  developmental stage  species  , ) maximal feeding rate (  gC  day -1  developmental stage  species   ) reproduction (recruits  day   ) survival (days without nutrition) minimal residual time (maximal growth) until reaching the following stage

10. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity The sensitivity analysis of all model parameters ranks the entries of the ARE-matrix, the physiological matrix and the initial values according to their influence on the model performance

11. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity Besides individual properties such as size, age, generation-time, growth-speed, food-utilisation, reproduction-rate, starvation-resistance intra- and inter-individual properties such as food-preference, enemy-avoidance and community properties such as ecosystem equilibria and stability define the functional relationships within ecosystems which are the information resources from which causal ecological models are derived

12. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity

13. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity Property communication: Definition: unifying concepts or specific demand Standardisation: Computers need defined numbers, reliability controls access and recompensation Data mining: research programs official information inventories “numeric bye `catch` retrieval”, measurement property rights, individual recognition and control via indexing and attributes

14. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity Perspective relational attributing new recompensation systems new ways of communication, advanced retrieval programs automated knowledge management networks and: automated operative prognoses

15. Ocean Biodiversity Informatics Hamburg 11/29 - 12/1 2004 Senckenberg: German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research Wulf Greve: Communicating the properties of marine organisms as the second dimension of marine biodiversity operative prognoses of the phenology of zooplankton based on automated retrieval of daily internet reports of SST temperature by the German weather service