2. Strategy/ Sector   Renewable Energy Green Building/Energy Efficiency Recycling/ Waste-to-Energy Transportation Linking Strategies create connections between elements of sustainability strategies and economic or workforce development. Transformational Strategies attempt to transform or “green” existing economic sectors or strength. Leapfrogging Strategies attempt to build entirely new green sectors and jobs.

3. Where We Are: Policy 2008 Global Warming Solutions Act mandates a 10-25% reduction from 1990 GHG levels by 2020 and 80% by 2050. Green Jobs Act of 2008, established the Mass. Clean Energy Center, the nation’s first state authority devoted exclusively to creating jobs and economic development in the clean-energy sector ($68 million over 5 years). Member, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), the Northeast’s cap-and-trade system, which has generated $79 million in carbon credits for Massachusetts.

4. Where We Are: Policy MA Renewable Energy Trust, funded by 0.05 cents/kilowatt-hour surcharge on utility customers Major source of clean energy investments in Massachusetts $28 million expenditures in 2007: $12.7 million for “large renewables; $9 million for affordable green housing

5. Where We Are: Technology 2 nd in cleantech venture capital in 2009 ($356 million in 27 deals). Total of $1.8 billion since 2005. Top research universities. MIT alone has supported many recent successful ventures including Sun Catalytix, A123 Systems, and FastCAP Systems. Mass. received 16 of 123 awards from the DOE’s Advanced Research Projects Agency- Energy program (total= $62.8 million).

7. Where We Are: Jobs “Clean energy cluster” supports 14,400 jobs (.4% of empl) (Pollin, 2009) 6,300 jobs in energy efficiency Mass. received 16 of 123 awards from the DOE’s Advanced Research Projects Agency- Energy program (total= $62.8 million).

8. Evergreen Solar

9. WITH THE NEWS that the state’s premier solar energy company, Evergreen Solar, is facing financial struggles, many are questioning whether the state was wise to “bet’’ on solar energy by providing an unprecedented level of state loans, grants, and land deals. Indeed, the rationality of states bidding against each other to attract biotech, information tech, and now renewable energy companies by offering the biggest subsidy package is part of a decades-long debate. A case could be made that Massachusetts is better positioned to develop a wind production industry than solar. But the bigger question is whether the United States will be a leading player in the production of renewable energy and other clean technologies -or cede that role to Germany, Japan, and increasingly China. In the absence of a coherent national renewable energy policy, states and cities have been moving forward on their own. The predominant strategy has been to require utilities to purchase a set percentage of their energy - known as a renewable portfolio standard - from renewable sources, invest in some research, offer subsidies to attract companies, and maybe provide some worker training. The payoff for any given state may be anywhere from a few hundred to a couple of thousand jobs. While we applaud each success, this approach does not add up to the United States becomin g a leader in renewable energy. Thursday, October 22, 2009 Even when states and cities do all the right things, success is not guaranteed. Consider Austin, a city that has a comprehensive strategy to develop a solar production industry in a state that has been a leader in renewable energy. All of its planning and investment has resulted in one company staying in the area, HelioVolt, a producer of thin-film solar power cells. Two other solar companies incubated in Austin moved to other states, taking advantage of attractive incentive packages. And Austin Energy’s new 30-megawatt solar energy farm will use Suntech modules made in China and assembled in the United States. By Joan FitzgeraldJoan Fitzgerald Image by: Clayton Hansen

10. Renewable Portfolio Standards State renewable portfolio standard State renewable portfolio goal www.dsireusa.orgwww.dsireusa.org / November 2009 Solar water heating eligible * † Extra credit for solar or customer-sited renewables Includes non-renewable alternative resources WA: 15% by 2020* CA: 33% by 2020 ☼ NV : 25% by 2025* ☼ AZ: 15% by 2025 ☼ NM: 20% by 2020 (IOUs) 10% by 2020 (co-ops) HI: 40% by 2030 ☼ Minimum solar or customer-sited requirement TX: 5,880 MW by 2015 UT: 20% by 2025* ☼ CO: 20% by 2020 (IOUs) 10% by 2020 (co-ops & large munis)* MT: 15% by 2015 ND: 10% by 2015 SD: 10% by 2015 IA: 105 MW MN: 25% by 2025 (Xcel: 30% by 2020) ☼ MO: 15 % by 2021 WI : Varies by utility; 10% by 2015 goal MI: 10% + 1,100 MW by 2015* ☼ OH : 25% by 2025 † ME: 30% by 2000 New RE: 10% by 2017 ☼ NH: 23.8% by 2025 ☼ MA: 15% by 2020 + 1% annual increase (Class I Renewables) RI: 16% by 2020 CT: 23% by 2020 ☼ NY: 24% by 2013 ☼ NJ: 22.5% by 2021 ☼ PA: 18% by 2020 † ☼ MD: 20% by 2022 ☼ DE: 20% by 2019* ☼ DC: 20% by 2020 VA: 15% by 2025* ☼ NC : 12.5% by 2021 (IOUs) 10% by 2018 (co-ops & munis) VT: (1) RE meets any increase in retail sales by 2012; (2) 20% RE & CHP by 2017 29 states & DC have an RPS 6 states have goals KS: 20% by 2020 ☼ OR : 25% by 2025 (large utilities )* 5% - 10% by 2025 (smaller utilities) ☼ IL: 25% by 2025 WV: 25% by 2025* †

11. Country Emissions ControlFinancial Support National Emissions Target National Renewable Electricity Standard National Long-term Energy Efficiency Plan National Feed-in Tariff Long-term Government- based "Green Bank" Tax Benefits Long-term Funding Programs Long-term Grid Improvemen t Plan Germany China United States United States in more detail Proposal of 17% emissions reduction target from 2005 levels by 2020 29 states have man- datory RES policies. 21 states have energy efficiency resource standards. ARRA will also invest $28 billion in efficiency programs Few state & local FiT policies DoE's Loan Guarantee program provides low-cost financing, and DOE- run ARPA-E* supports earlier stage innovation Production Tax Credits and Investment Tax Credits- subject to renewal ARRA* has $6.3 billion for research, including advanced batteries, carbon capture and storage, and ARPA-E* that develops new clean energy technol- ogies ARRA* includes $17 billion of grants and loans for trans- mission and smart grid. Source: DBCCA analysis, 2010; Center for American Progress, "Out of the Running?" 2010. *ARRA stand for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. ARPA-E

12. Source: Electronics, Design, Strategy News. Top 10 Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Manufacturers SolarWind CompanyCountry Of Origin Cell Technology Capacity 2008 (an nounced) CompanyCountry Of Origin Capacity 2007 (in MW) Sharp Electronics JapanCrystalline*870VestasDenmark4512 Q-CellsGermanyCrystalline*834GE WindUS3285 Suntech Power Holdings Ltd. ChinaCrystalline*590GamesaSpain3048 First SolarUSAThin-film484BEnerconGermany2771 SolarWorldGermanyCrystalline460SuzlonIndia2078 SanyoJapanCrystalline365SiemensDenmark1405 BP SolarUKCrystalline480AccionaSpain871 KyoceraJapanCrystalline300GoldwindChina831 Motech Industries Inc. TaiwanCrystalline330NordexGermany673 Solarfun Power Holdings ChinaCrystalline360SinovelChina673 Total (in MW) 8012Total (in MW) 19,791 Total for Top 10 5073Total for Top 10 20,147

13. On Clean Energy, China Skirts Rules (9/9/10) Union Accuses China of Illegal Clean Energy Subsidies (9/9/10)

14. Pisano and Shih, 2009 Harvard Business Review