1.  Concussions and Headgear Tyler Kohmetscher

2. Definition  A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull

3. Signs and Symptoms  Thinking and remembering  Feeling slowed down  Not thinking clearly  Not being able to remember new information  Not being able to concentrate  Physical  Fuzzy or blurry vision  Headache  Sensitivity to light or noise  Feeling tired or having no energy  Dizziness  Balance problems  Nausea and vomiting

4. Signs and Symptoms (cont)  Emotional and mood  Sad  Easily upset or angered  More emotional  Nervous or anxious  Sleep  Sleeping less than usual  Sleeping more than usual  Having a hard time falling asleep

5. Factors affecting Concussions BPS Model  Biological  Female  Child  Psychological  Having to “suck it up” for parents, coaches  Pressure to perform  Social  Relationships with parents or coaches  Live up to social gender roles  Males show no signs of weakness

6. Diagnosis  ImPACT Test  Taken at beginning of year before beginning athletics  Baseline to test if you experienced concussion later  Memory, attention span, and reaction time  Physician  Check for attention span, memory and reaction time

7. Headgear  Became popular in the 2003 Women’s World Cup  Resembles an enlarged headband  Weighs less then 2 ounces  Covers forehead, temple, and occipital bone in the back of the head

8. Stats for Headgear  In a population studied,  47.8% had experienced symptoms of a concussion during the current soccer year.  26.9% of athletes who wore headgear had concussions  52.8% of those who did not wear headgear had concussions  More than one concussion was experienced by 50.0% of the concussed headgear athletes  69.3% of the concussed No-head gear group had experience more than one concussion

9. Pros and Cons  Pros  Prevents concussions  Makes you more confident in playing harder  Not scare  Cons  Not comfortable  Makes you look not very “cool”  Can still suffer concussion whether wearing it or not

10. References  Concussion - WebMD: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. (n.d.). WebMD - Better information. Better health. Retrieved November 7, 2012, from http://www.webmd.com/brain/tc/traumatic-brain-injury- concussion-overview http://www.webmd.com/brain/tc/traumatic-brain-injury- concussion-overview  Broglio, S., Yu, Y., Broglio, M., & Sell, T. (n.d.). The Efficacy of Soccer Headgear. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved November 7, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P

11. References  LONGMAN, J. (n.d.). The New York Times > Sports > Soccer > Soccer Headgear: Does It Do Any Good? The New York Times - Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. Retrieved November 7, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/27/sports/soccer/27so ccer.html?_r=2& http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/27/sports/soccer/27so ccer.html?_r=2&  Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2012). Health psychology: biopsychosocial interactions (7th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

12. References  Concussion. (n.d.). MedicineNet. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.medicinenet.com/brain_concussion/page4.ht m http://www.medicinenet.com/brain_concussion/page4.ht m  Delaney, S., & Drummond, R. (2008). The effect of protective headgear on head injuries and concussions in adolescent football (soccer) players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42 (2), 110-115. Retrieved December 13, 2012, from the Academic Search Premier database.