1. Russian Federation

2. Demographics Population: 146,001,176 (July 2000 est.) Population: 146,001,176 (July 2000 est.) Rich in natural resources (oil, natural gas, coal, timber) Rich in natural resources (oil, natural gas, coal, timber) Largest country in the world Largest country in the world Relatively isolated Relatively isolated Poor agricultural conditions Poor agricultural conditions More than 100 ethnic groups and languages More than 100 ethnic groups and languages 98% literacy rate 98% literacy rate Population below poverty line: 40% (1999 est.) Population below poverty line: 40% (1999 est.) Narcotics issue Narcotics issue

4. Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) National, centralized National, centralized Regular policing functions Regular policing functions Militarized arm (Internal Troops) Militarized arm (Internal Troops) State automobile inspectorate State automobile inspectorate Fire departments Fire departments Prisons (recently transferred to Min Just) Prisons (recently transferred to Min Just) 700-800,000 700-800,000 Future overseer, regulatory role? Future overseer, regulatory role?

6. Constant State of Flux 6 ministers, 10 years 6 ministers, 10 years New Law on Police New Law on Police Restructuring MVD Restructuring MVD Currently, central MVD + ministries in each republic (89) + local, regional GUVD Currently, central MVD + ministries in each republic (89) + local, regional GUVD MVD too centralized + too fragmented MVD too centralized + too fragmented Leadership at all levels politicized Leadership at all levels politicized

8. New Structure 3 new agencies 3 new agencies National Police Force National Police Force Serious crime, public order duties Serious crime, public order duties Special forces branches (OMON), special motorized police battalions (every city, large town) Special forces branches (OMON), special motorized police battalions (every city, large town) Traffic police Traffic police Centrally-commanded/funded, paramilitary Centrally-commanded/funded, paramilitary Municipal militias (minor offenses, registration) Municipal militias (minor offenses, registration) better pay, own SWAT units better pay, own SWAT units

10. Federal Investigations Service Federal Investigations Service Kind of ‘Russian FBI’ Kind of ‘Russian FBI’ Investigative forces Investigative forces Organized Crime Control Organized Crime Control Counter-Narcotics Counter-Narcotics Internal affairs Internal affairs Special forces units Special forces units

12. National Guard National Guard Based on current Internal Troops (VV) Based on current Internal Troops (VV) Fully militarized mechanized security force Fully militarized mechanized security force Likely to number 170,000 Likely to number 170,000 Retrained to handle Retrained to handle Public order Public order Counter-insurgency operations (Chechnya) Counter-insurgency operations (Chechnya)

21. Crime Statistics Number of Registered Crimes (2002) Number of Registered Crimes (2002) Total – +3 million Total – +3 million Murder – 32,285 Murder – 32,285 Aggrav. assault – 58,469 Aggrav. assault – 58,469 Rape – 8,117 Rape – 8,117 Theft – 1,141,134 Theft – 1,141,134 Robbery – 214,319 Robbery – 214,319 Burglary – 612,666 Burglary – 612,666 Auto theft – 47,448 Auto theft – 47,448

22. New Criminal Procedure Code 48 hr. max. detention w/o judge (prev. 1 yr.) 48 hr. max. detention w/o judge (prev. 1 yr.) Prev. detention max. 1 yr (serious), 6 mos. (less serious) Prev. detention max. 1 yr (serious), 6 mos. (less serious) Rt. to order arrests, searches, wire taps transferred to judges from prosecutors Rt. to order arrests, searches, wire taps transferred to judges from prosecutors Evidence dismissed w/o proper warrant Evidence dismissed w/o proper warrant Rt. to lawyer immed. Rt. to lawyer immed. Trial in absentia outlawed Trial in absentia outlawed Traffic fines paid by bank transfer Traffic fines paid by bank transfer

24. Russian Prison System Types of Facilities 184 Pre-Trial Detention Centers (SIZO) 184 Pre-Trial Detention Centers (SIZO) 64 Educational Juvenile Colonies 64 Educational Juvenile Colonies incl. 3 for girls incl. 3 for girls 739 Correctional Colonies (adults) 739 Correctional Colonies (adults) incl. 37 women’s (10 children’s homes) incl. 37 women’s (10 children’s homes) max., med., min. max., med., min. 13 Prisons (for violation of rules in Correctional Colonies) 13 Prisons (for violation of rules in Correctional Colonies)

25. Russian Prison System Basic Statistics 976,000 inmates in all types (2002) 976,000 inmates in all types (2002) Includes: Includes: 747,000 in Correctional Colonies 747,000 in Correctional Colonies 18,600 in Juvenile Colonies 18,600 in Juvenile Colonies 229,000 in SIZO 229,000 in SIZO 86,000 infected with Tuberculosis 86,000 infected with Tuberculosis 22,000 infected with HIV 22,000 infected with HIV

26. Russian Prison System Basic Problems Basic Problems Under-funded Under-funded Food, medicine, fuel Food, medicine, fuel Provided only 60% of needed budget Provided only 60% of needed budget Overcrowding Overcrowding Correctional Colonies – 110% Correctional Colonies – 110% Colonies housing TB patients – 145% Colonies housing TB patients – 145% must house among the healthy must house among the healthy Colonies for those with life sentences – 105% Colonies for those with life sentences – 105% Adequate work Adequate work Susceptible to organized crime Susceptible to organized crime

27. Jury Trials Instituted 1864; abolished 1917 Instituted 1864; abolished 1917 1992 reinstituted under Yeltsin 1992 reinstituted under Yeltsin Judge + 2 lay assessors, 3 judges, judge + 12 Judge + 2 lay assessors, 3 judges, judge + 12 Jury acquittals > tribunal Jury acquittals > tribunal Features Features Time limit – max. 3 hrs deliberate – if no consensus, 7-5 maj.; 6-6 = not guilty Time limit – max. 3 hrs deliberate – if no consensus, 7-5 maj.; 6-6 = not guilty Voir dire (screening potential jurors) not extensive Voir dire (screening potential jurors) not extensive Not using plea bargaining Not using plea bargaining

28. Death Penalty 1962 – 1989 1962 – 1989 24,500 sentenced to death 24,500 sentenced to death +21,000 executed (approx. 730/yr.) +21,000 executed (approx. 730/yr.) 1989 – 1992 1989 – 1992 470 people sentenced; 228 executed 470 people sentenced; 228 executed 1993 – 1995 1993 – 1995 10/yr. 10/yr. Currently – death penalty moratorium Currently – death penalty moratorium