1. © 2007 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission. Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) Experiences of UNDP in Developing Adaptation Projects Presented by Pradeep Kurukulasuriya 3 – 5 September 2007, Bangkok, Thailand

2. 1 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 1 Outline Climate change and MDGs UNDP’s operational definition of adaptation UNDP’s Adaptation Strategy, Approach and Main Focus Areas UNDP’s Adaptation Portfolio (Experience) UNDP Support to Adaptation Project Development Technical Capacity Tools/Programming Frameworks

3. 2 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 2 Climate change poses serious risks to MDGs Millennium Development GoalsClimate change risks MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security. MDG 2 Achieve universal primary education Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education by loss of infrastructure, livelihoods (forcing children to work), and displaced families. MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Additional burdens on women's health and time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities. MDGs 4, 5, 6 Reduce child mortality; Improve maternal health; Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, heat-related mortality. Declining food security, maternal health and availability of potable water. MDG 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems.

4. 3 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 3 Defining Adaptation “Changing existing policies and practices and/or adopting new policies and practices so as to secure MDGs in the face of climate change and its associated impacts” (UNDP 2006)

5. 4 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 4 Long-term perspective differentiates adaptation from climate risk management Coping mechanisms + planning for long term adaptation time Water resources per capita Seasonal forecasts, food storage Water conservation, shifting crop species Piloting alternative livelihoods Periodic droughts, seasonal shortage Water shortage, decline of agricultural production Desiccation, failure of some agriculture 2010 2020 2030 Coping Anticipatory adaptation Risks Risk management

6. 5 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 5 UNDP’s Strategy on Adaptation Main Focus Areas

7. 6 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 6 UNDP’s Core Principles 1. Safeguard achievement of MDGs by developing adaptive capacity 2. Integrate climate risks into development policies and national investment decisions 3. Build on disaster risk-management activities and extensive UNDP experience and mandate 4. Leverage existing UN and UNDP programmes, including UNDP/GEF- supported National Communications and NAPAs 5. Build partnerships to ensure appropriate expertise reaches countries in line with UNDP’s development role in the UN System

8. 7 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 7 Comparative Advantage Capacity building and technical assistance Human resource development Institutional strengthening (policy/legislative frameworks) Non-governmental/community participation Country driven- priorities and development strategies In-country-programming experience Some regional/global projects UNDP Specialized Bureaus (BCPR, DDC) Partnerships on Adaptation Projects –Current: Govts, IOC/UNESCO, WHO, UNEP, World Bank, IRI –In future: ADB, AfDB, IFAD, ISDR, CGIAR, others

9. 8 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 8 UNDP’s strategy focuses on mainstreaming Three-pronged approach: 3. Piloting innovative national adaptation projects to feed lessons into 1 and 2 1. Mainstreaming climate change into UN country programming 2. Mainstreaming climate change into national development plans

10. 9 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 9 Leveraging EAs and the APF Enabling Activities: NCs, NAPAs V&A Priorities and Timescales Identified APF and Project Development Guidance Strategies and Projects Identified Adaptation Funds Adapted Policies and Measures Implemented

11. 10 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 10 Portfolio responds to regional priorities Regional adaptation strategies Identify climate change risk hotspots Build on UNDP’s comparative advantages – Policy advice, capacity development, and coalition building Leverage national communication processes to mainstream climate change risks

12. 11 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 11 Six Thematic Areas TA1. Agriculture and Food Security Food security and food production maintained or enhanced TA2. Water Resources and Quality Water availability and supply maintained or enhanced TA3. Public Health Public health maintained or enhanced TA4. Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk Management Exposure and vulnerability to climate change-driven hazards reduced TA5. Coastal Development Exposure and vulnerability of population, infrastructure & economic activity reduced in coastal zones TA6. Natural Resources Livelihood security maintained or enhanced in natural resource dependent populations

13. 12 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 12 UNDP’s Experience on Adaptation

14. 13 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 13 Current Portfolio -Funding Source and Regional Distribution

15. 14 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 14 UNDP-GEF Portfolio (Approved and Submitted to Nov WP 2007) 20 Projects in 46 countries

16. 15 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 15 Growing Demand: LDCF Growing Country Demand: LDCF Partnerships with: UNEP WB AfDB ADB FAO ISDR etc.

17. 16 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 16 LDCF Follow-up Projects: Record So Far CountryNAPA Submission PIF Submission ResponseLOE by Govt Expected Implementation BangladeshNov 2005Oct 2006>1 yearJuly 2007Mid-2008 SamoaDec 2005Apr 2007>1 yearAug 2007Mid-2008 NigerJul 2006Mar 20078 monthsMay 2006Mid-2008 CambodiaMar 2007May 20072 monthsApr 2007End-2008 EritreaMay 2007Jun 20071 monthMar 2007End-2008 SudanJul 2007Aug 20071 monthAug 2007End-2008 GEF Project Cycle – 22 month limit UNDP – PIF/PPG – 12-14 months Timely assistance is a priority for UNDP!

18. 17 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 17 Projects by Sector and Country (GEF Pipeline) Sector/topicCountry WaterTanzania, Ecuador Agriculture Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Pacific, India, Niger (LDCF), Eritrea ((LDCF), Sudan (LDCF) HealthFiji, Barbados, Jordan, Uzbekistan, China, Bhutan, Kenya Coastal zones Senegal, Cape Verde, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Uruguay, Maldives, Egypt, Bangladesh (LDCF) Disaster risk management India, Pacific, Bhutan (LDCF) Natural Resource Management Hungary, Namibia Multiple Focal Areas India, Samoa (LDCF) Community-based adaptation Samoa, Bolivia, Niger, Bangladesh (Morocco, Namibia, Vietnam, Guatemala, Kazakhstan and Jamaica to join in 2007/8) In green – Approved projects

19. 18 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 18 Outcome Mapping

20. 19 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 19 UNDP Support to the Development of Adaptation Projects CC-Adaptation Technical Advisors –Economists, Disaster-Risk Reduction Specialists, Development Practitioners, Climate Change Expertise Technical backstopping Guide Project Formulation (Preparatory Phase) Prepare PIFs/PPGs, Project Documents (together with proponents/UNDP Country Offices) Quality control and troubleshooting UNDP Country Office – Operational support CC-Adaptation Unit (HQ) –Liaise with GEFSEC, tools & support for RTAs –Liaise with LEG (for guidance, updates)

21. 20 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 20 TOOLS Project Development Guidelines Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework for adaptation Web-based Programming Site Adaptation pipelining tool Best practice and lessons learned publications

22. 21 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 21 Project Development Guidelines Project Proposals  Goal  Objective  Outcomes (3)  Baseline  Additionality  Lessons Learnt  Linkages to development priorities  Partnerships/Co- financing  Institutional Arrangements Service through Regional Technical Advisors!

23. 22 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 22

24. 23 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 23 M&E Framework ObjectivesImpact indicators Outcomes (examples) Outcome indicators (examples) TA1. Agriculture and Food Security GOAL: Food insecurity resulting from climate change minimized or reversed, and new opportunities for food production resulting from changes in climate exploited. cf. MDG Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 1.Vulnerability: Resilience of food production systems and/or food insecure communities enhanced in the face of climate change. 2.Etc.. 1.Year-to-year variations in total food production normalised with respect to inter-annual variations in key climatic variables. 2.VRA based on interviews with members of vulnerable communities. 3.Etc.. 1.Measures to reduce impact of climate variability on food supply introduced (e.g. storage facilities, irrigation). 2.Improved utilization of climate information ranging from seasonal forecasts to longer-term projections. 3.Etc…  Households, communities with access to or using forecast information  Number of households, population, communities benefiting from vulnerability reduction measures  Successful pilots of novel crop, animal strains.  Etc…

25. 24 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 24 Progress toward adaptation objectives measured through APF approaches (1) Assessing climate risks & baseline (non-climate) issues (2) Assessing vulnerability (3) Assessing climate/impact information needs and usage (4) Formulating an Adaptation Strategy - Linkage to development priorities - Mainstreaming targets (5) Implementation Arrangements

26. 25 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 25 www.undp.org/gef/adaptation

27. 26 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 26 Programming website provides guidance for Country Offices Country database supports Country Offices to frame climate change adaptation at the national level

28. 27 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 27

29. 28 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 28 Lessons Learned Templates  Engaging stakeholders  Capacity  Resources for project development  Additionality  Assessment of adaptation responses  Integration of climate change risks and adaptation  Evidence of the baseline at the conception of the project  Expected influence of the project – Policy, capacity, practices, awareness

30. 29 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 29 Additional Resources and Linkages

31. 30 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 30 3. Piloting innovative national adaptation projects to feed lessons into 1 and 2 1. Mainstreaming climate change into UN country programming 2. Mainstreaming climate change into national development plans MDG Achievement Fund (UNDP) SCCF, LDCF Bilateral funding (GTZ, EU, etc.) MDG Achievement Fund (UNDP) SCCF, LDCF Bilateral funding (GTZ, EU, etc.) MDG Achievement Fund (UNDP) Growing funding sources for adaptation

32. 31 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 31 MDG Achievement Fund Request for Proposals  Launched in April 2007  5 Thematic areas, includes Environment and Climate Change:  Mainstreaming  CDM  Adaptation  One proposal per thematic area  Submission from UNDP RC for UNCT  Min. 2 UN agencies involved The first round of MDG-F concepts has been selected

33. 32 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 32 UNDP-UNEP Partnership on Adaptation Climate Change and Development – Adapting by REducing vulnerability (CC DARE) (currently under development; focus on sub-Saharan Africa)  Enhanced knowledge, skills and partnerships in mainstreaming climate change issues  Stronger technical and institutional capacities for identifying, prioritizing and implementing cost-effective adaptive measures  Documenting the experience and knowledge gained on best practices  Strengthened national adaptation plans and policies that are better integrated with mainstream development activities, and  Enhanced regional cooperation on climate change issues.

34. 33 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 33 Additional services to be provided under UNDP-UNEP partnership (CC-DARE) Objective 1: Incorporate adaptation to climate change into national development plans and UN Cooperation Frameworks LevelUNDP servicesUNEP services UN programming Develop CRM roadmap & programmes Policy dialogue Climate risks assessment ‘’Climate proof’’ UN programmes (APF) Implement ‘’climate-sensitized’’ UN programmes M&E Expertise in CC risks reduction CRM mainstreaming tools Training materials and capacity building Regional and national vulnerability analysis Pilot projects Project development Adaptation finance advising Community-based adaptation Implementation support M&E Prioritization & decision-making PPPs Expertise mobilization

35. 34 LEG stocktaking meeting on the preparation and implementation of NAPAs. 34 For more information pls. go to: http://www.undp.org/gef/adaptation