1. Act 4 ∕ Scene V Paria Ezati

2. Ophelia comes to Gertrude and says some outwardly nonsense words that is because of her father’s death. Laertes comes back from France and goes to castle with rebellious people who want him to become king. At first Laertes thinks the king is his father’s murderer and decides to kill him. But he knows about his father’s death after speaking to the king. He swears to take revenge for his death and his sister’s consequently insanity. King promises to help him due to the land he owns and his own benefits.

3. Postmodernists believe that something as “objective reality” does not exist, and all definition and depiction of truth are subjective, simply creation of human minds. Truth itself is relative, depending on the nature and variety of cultural and social influences in one’s life.

4. The belief that there is an ultimate reality or center of truth that can serve as the basis for all our thoughts and actions. According to Derrida, western metaphysics have invented a variety of terms that can function as centers like God, reason, truth, origin, being essence, humanity and self.  In this scene when Laertes comes to king to know about his father’s death, he looks agitated and rebellious. King asserts: “ What is the cause, Laertes, That thy rebellion looks so giantlike? Let him go, Gertrude. Do not fear our person. There’s such divinity doth hedge a king That treason can beep to what it would, Acts little of his will. Tell me, Laertes, Why thou art thus incensed. Let him go, Gertrude. Speak, man.”

5. The king here considers himself immune to any loss by a divinity just because he is a king.  Another logo is also understood in another part of the scene when Laertes asserts: “ How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with: To hell, allegiance! vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let come what comes; only I'll be revenged Most thoroughly for my father.” Laertes reaches the aporia to get revenge and this revenge (aporia) becomes a logo for him.

6.  The hierarchy of loyalty/disloyalty is inferred, with the transcendental signified loyalty, when Laertes says: “ How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with: To hell, allegiance! vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, Let come what comes; only I'll be revenged Most thoroughly for my father.” Laertes thinks when one gives a promise he always must be loyal to it. The question is that what if that person who you oath a loyalty changes and his ends and goals are no more on the way of yours. In this situation loyalty to that person is dis loyalty to one’s own ideals. Here, for Laertes, loyalty to king (if he was the killer and Laertes wanted to kill him) is somehow disloyalty to his father. As he asserts: “ that drop of blood that’s calm proclaims me bastard, …”