1. Ofil’s proprietary material Cannot be used without Ofil's explicit permission

2. Ofil’s proprietary Material | 2011  Partial Discharge and the Corona Phenomenon  Solar Blind Imaging  Corona Inspection as a PDM tool in hand  Faults  Indications  Methodology

3. Ofil’s proprietary Material | 2011  Detect PD corona & arcing - in daylight  Diagnostic tool  Condition monitoring of critical components  Perform predictive maintenance

4.  Trigger localized high e-fields that exceed a critical value 20-30 kV/cm  Generates Audio noise Corrosive materials (O 3, NO - ) Radio and TV interferences UV - corona

5. E field e e + e e + e e e + -V e UV Ph In the presence of a strong E-field Free electrons accelerate Collide with air molecules and ionize them Additional electrons are released Photons are released with recombination Procedure repeats itself

6. Ozone blocks Solar UV Signals

7. Goal: Collect UV events & superimpose Imaging “Black Box” input - sceneryoutput - screen

8. Ofil’s proprietary material Cannot be used without Ofil's explicit permission

9.  External – surface  Line of sight  Voltage dependent  Any weather conditions  Indicator & Actor  Fault early stage detection

10.  Corrosion and erosion  Pitted cement  Hydrophobicity compromise  RFI/TVI

11. 3. Lineman from EMC takes down the faulty arrestor 1. Corona during hazy day 2. Camera depicts the exact corona arcing location RFI/TVI Case 1: A US Government Licensed Radio Amateur Operator: The receiving equipment was reading a noise level of some 30 dB over S9 (Signal strength is measured in S-units from S1 to S9) and the noise blanking system of the receiving equipment could not eliminate the noise.

12. Case 2: USA 1.RFI at FAA Control Tower during wet weather 2. The source: Bad grounding on 4.16kV, 12.47kV, 115kV insulators Case 3: Czech Republic 1.RFI at Czech Radio Telecomm Authority experienced TVI 2. The source: Pin of a ceramic insulator was wrongly installed

13. Tracking & loss of hydrophobicity

14. Brittle fracture: corona cameras can clearly show surface discharge that exists on insulators with housing imperfections in order to avoid catastrophic failure.

15.  Faulty designs  Faulty installations  Poor material  Existing processes

16.  No corona ring  Grading ring installed backwards

17.  Cracked insulator  Wrong design

18. AN, RI, TVI concern? Events per Minute Can it be damaged by corona? Corona- where? Critical component? Material type Critical location? Corona intensity? No Yes High> 5000 1000<Medium<5000 Low<1000 Monitor for additional signs Schedule repair or replacement Repair or replace ASAP No Yes Repair or replace ASAP

19. THANK YOU