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Ibrahim alzahrani R1 Quiz of the week. 18 years old male who presented with sever cough, greenish sputum and high grade fever (39.5). He developed sever.

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Presentation on theme: "Ibrahim alzahrani R1 Quiz of the week. 18 years old male who presented with sever cough, greenish sputum and high grade fever (39.5). He developed sever."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ibrahim alzahrani R1 Quiz of the week

2 18 years old male who presented with sever cough, greenish sputum and high grade fever (39.5). He developed sever nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.

3 ABG : PH: 6.9 PaCO2: 52 HCO3: 7 PaO2:65 Electrolyte : Na = 139 Cl=95 K=4.8

4 Interpret this ABG. Explain the ABG results Do you want any further test ?

5 What is the expected HCO3 in respiratory acidosis?

6 Compensation in respiratory acidosis: acute respiratory acidosis the serum HCO3 increases by about 1 meq/L for every 10 mmHg elevation in the PCO2 Chronic respiratory acidosis: serum HCO3 increases by 3.5 to 4 meq/L for every 10 mmHg elevation in PCO2

7 For every increase in Pa CO 2 of 20mmHg above normal the pH falls by 0.1 For every decrease of Pa CO 2 of 10mmHg below normal the pH rises by 0.1.

8 What about A-a gradient ?

9 A-a oxygen gradient = PAO 2 - PaO 2. PAO 2 = (FiO 2 x 713) - (PaCO 2 ÷ 0.8) Simplified equation :

10 Back to the case How can you explain a HCO3 of 7?

11 3 Step approach : Step 1: Establish the primary diagnosis: Step 2 :Assess the degree of compensation: indicative of a mixed acid-base disorder

12 Step 3: Determine whether or not the anion gap is elevated. This is especially important for patients with metabolic acidosis Serum AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3) = 139-(95+7)=37 If there is high anion gap then : Δ anion gap/ Δ HCO3 ratio (37-10)/(24-7)=1.6:1 If 1:1 ratio then it’s pure high metabolic acidosis. If < 1:1 : additional non anion gap metabolic acidosis If > 1:1 : Additional metabolic alkalosis

13 High anion gap metabolic acidosis

14 Final diagnosis ; DKA with by right middle lobe community acquired pneumonia.


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