1. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Parental sexual offending: Managing risk through diversion Prof Jane Goodman-Delahunty & Kate O’Brien Manly Campus, Bldg 4, North Head Sanctuary School of Psychology & Australian Graduate School of Policing and Security

2. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Background This project was supported by a Criminology Research Grant provided by the Australian Institute of Criminology. Findings will be published by the Australian Institute of Criminology. The views expressed are the responsibility of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Council.

3. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Parental child sexual offending Enduring, devastating effects on victims and families; “substantial oppressive costs” (Broadhurst 1992) Under-reported, diminishing numbers prosecuted, few convictions, short sentences, incarceration rare Research to identify high risk sex offenders in prisons predominantly extrafamilial, few intrafamilial Risk profile of parental sex offenders underdeveloped Criminogenic needs, protective/risk factors unclear Risk instruments insensitive to this sub-group Initiatives to manage parental offending hindered no evidence-based policy for lower risk offenders

4. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Custodial treatment ineffective Policy focus on high risk extrafamilial sex offender assessment, treatment, registration, detention Inhibit disclosure, reduce reporting, less prosecution Test as low risk (score 0-1 STATIC-99R) Shorter sentences preclude treatment Seek protective custody, excluded from treatment Group treatment aimed at extrafamilial offenders Negligible effect on low risk offenders (Andrews & Bonta, 2006) Exposure to higher risk offenders increased recidivism in low risk offenders (Wakeling et al 2012) No evidence of effective custodial treatment benefit most from less intensive interventions

5. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Managing risk of parental sexual abuse ‘Low risk’ not ‘no risk’; consequences for victims Under-researched sub-type of child sex offender Policy deficit, need to assess alternative options Viability of community-based diversion unknown Few diversion programs, formal evaluations rare Exception NSW Pre-trial Diversion Program (1992; 2009) Dynamic risk key to management Risk instruments insensitive to dynamic factors in parental sex offenders Violence Risk Scale – Sex Offender Version (VRS-SO)

6. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER VRS-SO (Wong, Olver Nicholaichuk & Gordon 2003) Third generation actuarial risk assessment Clinical scale with static (7) and dynamic (17) items, empirically derived, Stages of Change Dynamic = criminogenic needs, cognitive distortions, deviant preferences, intimacy deficits Validated in heterogeneous incarcerated offender sample, included child sex offenders Interrater reliability, concurrent and predictive validity Tested in NZ incarcerated intrafamilial sample Untested in community-based parental sample.

7. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Research aims 1. Develop profile of parental sex offenders dynamic factors risk factors 2. Examine predictive validity of the VRS-SO to: assess risk of reoffending in a sample of parental sex offenders distinguish offenders most likely to benefit from community-based treatment based on risk scores (low vs high)

8. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Method and Procedure

9. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER NSW Pre-trial Diversion Program Legislation 1985, NSW DOH, opened 1989 - present Primacy to victim needs, service to families, non- offending parents, offenders Referrals by DPP, screened, accepted if in best interests of the child victim Plead guilty, attend 2-3 year community treatment program Treatment completion precludes further sentencing Cedar Cottage

10. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Participants 215 referrals to Cedar Cottage 1989-2003 All men in a parental role (father, stepfather) Mean age at referral = 39.7 years (23-68 yrs) Majority had stable employment = 68% Most in a long-term relationship: 64% married; 22% with de facto Assessed for diversion over 8 week period 44/54% diverted; 56/46% declined Follow-up period 4-19 years, M = 9.1 years

11. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Design and Procedure Retrospective review of clinical assessment and treatment files: manual coding of VRS-SO dynamic risk items ICC 0.95 excluded 41 participants with >3 missing items, N = 172 static items extracted from existing database Pre-treatment scores end of assessment period Post-treatment scores for diverted group, ICC 0.94 Reoffending data following last contact with program from NSWPF COPS and BOCSAR ROD Offences resulting in official police record or action : official police reports, charge, arrest, conviction coded as sexual, violent, general

12. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Results

13. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Common misconceptions about parental sex offending Most parental offenders have no biological relationship with victims. Most victims are post-pubescent. Boys are primary victims. Most offenders were abuse victims. Extra-familial children are at risk. Abuse is typically an isolated event. Penetrative offenses are rare. Similar to other child sex offenders. Offenders commit only sexual crimes.

14. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Nature and frequency of index offence behaviors

15. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER VRS-SO descriptive statistics High proportion had a prior criminal record 47% few past sexual (5%) or violent (13%) offences Mean pre-treatment VRS-S0 score = 39.0 very low static scores M = 2.7, SD = 2.6 high dynamic scores M = 36.6; SD = 8.0 exceeded comparable SO samples (Beggs & Grace 2011) Divided into 3 risk categories low (0-30): 21.5% moderate (31-40): 33.3% high (41-72): 45.3%

16. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Diversion and treatment completion Scores of declined group significantly higher than diverted group (M = 44.8 vs 33.9, p <.001), no difference in static scores, only dynamic VRS-SO risk categories predicted diversion: 100% low risk, 66% moderate, 25% high risk; logistic regression X 2 = 58.37; p>.001 VRS-S0 scores predicted treatment completion ( X 2 = 48.6, p<.001) 79% low risk completed treatment, 57% all correlated significantly with time in treatment (r = -.45, p<.001) ( M = 932 vs 432 days; p <.001)

17. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER VRS-SO pre-treatment risk by diversion and treatment completion

18. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Predicting reoffending with VRS-SO Inclusive reoffence definition: official police reports, charges, arrests, new convictions Overall reoffence rate = 32%, nonsexual = 20% 12% sexual reoffences; 10% violent reoffences VRS-S0 risk category pre- and post treatment significantly predicted overall, not sexual offences Low base rate for sexual reoffending High risk offenders recidivated significantly faster than low and moderate risk offenders for overall and violent, but not sexual offences.

19. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Sexual and violent recidivism rates by VRS-SO risk level and diversion

20. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Sexual recidivism rates for low risk offenders by diversion

21. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Interaction of diversion and risk Divided sample by pre-treatment VRS-SO score low risk (0-38) vs high risk (39-72) Examined reoffending by risk band and diversion For low risk offenders, diversion delayed reoffending, 4.6 x slower than declined ( X 2 = 4.73, p<.05) reduced sexual reoffending by 80% 4.7% vs 23.5% in declined group ( X 2 = 6.04, p<.05) significantly reduced VRS-SO dynamic risk For high risk offenders, diversion reduced sexual recidivism by 29%, ns (only 2 completed treatment)

22. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Sexual, violent and overall recidivism rates by VRS-SO risk level and diversion

23. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER VRS-SO change scores by pre- treatment risk category (means)

24. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Discussion

25. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Implications for practice Static factors underestimated risk in this sample. VRS-SO reliably distinguished high from low risk parental offenders. Dynamic risk factors reliably predicted diversion, treatment completion, and low risk reoffences. VRS-SO useful to assess treatment needs, responsivity to interventions, compliance and treatment completion by parental sex offenders. VRS-S0 recommended to assess and manage risk in a community sample of low risk offenders.

26. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Benefits of diversion Victim and family support, intensive monitoring of offender progress, expanded disclosure of past offending Strengthened protective factors: ongoing connections in community, retained employment, financial support for victims and family members Avoided costs of incarceration Allowed more informed allocation of resources Increased offender desistance and victim protection

27. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Strengths and limitations of study Strengths Multiple sources of information on sample and offending Victim, family members, non-offending parent, offender, clinicians Extensive information available on diverted group Follow-up period and reliable reoffence data Limitations Restricted power due to missing data in declined group

28. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Vital to match risk with treatment intensity (RNR, Andrews & Bonta 2006): apply more control (incarceration) to offenders more likely to reoffend Successful treatment of low risk parental sex offenders by diversion and community containment: Reoffending by low risk parental offenders was more successfully prevented and managed in the community than by standard criminal prosecution and incarceration. Sep 2012, NSW Attorney-General adopted policy that all sex offenders must go to jail, commenced dismantling and closure of Cedar Cottage, reassigning low risk offenders to prisons. Policy implications

29. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER "We need to consider whether by abandoning the program we would harm the interests of those we wish to see assisted" Prof Tony Vinson Axe for sex offender treatment program "The community rightly expects those who engage in child sex assault to receive a custodial sentence” NSW Attorney-General Greg Smith As a result of changes made by the NSW Attorney-General, persons charged with relevant offences after 1 September 2012 are no longer eligible for diversion. "This will increase the likelihood of sex offenders reoffending in NSW" Greg Barns, Australian Lawyers Alliance

30. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Conclusions Diversion substantially reduced threats to the welfare and safety of young children and families. Diversion is an effective preventive intervention for parental sex offenders. Community-based treatment is consistent with the therapeutic jurisprudence aim of the criminal justice system, not punitive populism. Community containment of low risk parental child sex offenders is an evidence-based policy and practice.

31. DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS ABOVE THE GUIDELINE SHOWN DO NOT PLACE ANY TEXT OR GRAPHICS BELOW THE GUIDELINE SHOWN TO EDIT GRAPHICS IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER TO APPLY PAGE STYLES RIGHT CLICK YOUR PAGE >LAYOUT SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY & AUSTRALIAN GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICING, JDELAHUNTY@CSU.EDU.AU TO EDIT THE FOOTER IN THE MASTER SELECT: VIEW > SLIDE MASTER Questions? Thank you for your attention jdelahunty@csu.edu.au