1. Metabolism MOVE Support August 5, 2014 Glenna Stewart, MS RD LD

2. Energy Balance Carbohydrate Fat Protein Basal Metabolism Physical Activity Digestion, Absorption, & Processing Nutrients Thermogenesis ENERGY OUTPUT ENERGY INPUT

3. Food hunts man.. Carbohydrate Protein Fat Alcohol Energy Input

4.  Basal Metabolism  Lean Body Mass  Body Surface Area  Gender  Body Temperature  Thyroid Hormones  Nervous System Activity  Pregnancy  Caffeine & Tobacco Use Energy Output  Physical Activity  Digestion, Absorption & Processing Nutrients  Thermogenesis

5. Basal Metabolism  Minimum amount of energy expended in a fasting state to keep a resting, awake body alive in a warm quiet environment.  60-70% in a sedentary person  Let’s see how basal metabolism contributes to energy needs.

6. Basal Metabolism  2.2 lb for every kg, convert weight  200 / 2.2 = 90 kg  Rough estimate of basal metabolism:  0.9 kcal/kg per hour  1.0 kcal/kg per hour  90 x 1 = 90 kcal/hr  90 x 24 = 2160 kcal

7. Basal Metabolism Factors that Increase:  Lean Body Mass  Body Surface Area  Gender  Body Temperature  Thyroid Hormones  Nervous System Activity  Pregnancy  Caffeine & Tobacco Use

8. Basal Metabolism Factors that Decrease:  Low Energy Intake  10-20%  150 to 300 kcal/day  Loss of Lean Body Mass  1-2% past age of 30  Physical Activity Preserves

9. Physical Activity  Increases basal metabolism by 25 – 40%.  Varies widely among individuals  Varies among activities.  Examples: stairs vs elevator, walking vs driving, standing vs sitting.  Evaluation: leisure time

10. Digestion, Absorption & Processing  Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)  Sales Tax: 5 – 10% For every 100 calories of basal metabolism, 105 – 110 kcal.  Food Composition  Protein (20-30%)  Carbohydrate (5-10%)  Fat (0-3%)

11. Thermogenesis  Increase in non-voluntary physical activity triggered by cold conditions or overeating.  Fidgeting, Shivering, Maintenance of Muscle Tone, Upholding Body Posture

12. Concept  Energy Balance = Input + Output  The Body Uses Energy for 4 main purposes:  Basal Metabolism (60-70%)  Physical Activity (20-30%)  Digestion, Absorption, & Processing  Thermogenesis