1. 1 High resolution SST products for 2001 Satellite SST products and coverage In situ observations, coverage Quality control procedures Satellite error statistics Optimal interpolation –Covariance models –Product delivered to Bjarne & ODON Elliptical Covariances Conclusions

2. 2 Introduction Objective Construct an interpolated high- resolution SST product for year 2001. Assess the data availability Satellite products: –O&SI SAF (NOAA 14+16), resolution 2 km –BSH SST (NOAA 12) Baltic Sea, resolution 1.2 km North Sea, resolution 1.5 km Only nighttime observations. Day-night difference up to 1.5 deg in the mean and annual variation

3. 3 Satellite coverage Averaged in 20 km and 3 days June 1-Nov 1 Nov 1- June 1

4. 4 Adjust BSH SST to SAF SST Compare coinciding SAF and BSH satellite observations Annual variation in the differences, largest for the Baltic SST product Adjust BSH to SAF on daily basis to obtain a consistent satellite product

5. 5 In situ SST observations From: GTS, Bouys, Ferrybox, Research cruises, etc. ~200000 SST observations for 2001 Green:Bouys Blue:Surface Red:Profiles Averaged in 20 km and 3 days

6. 6 Quality control Construct a pseudo climatology Cloud erosion filter Variability criteria and standard deviation filter: No hard limits, all QC based upon statistics. Removed 5-10 % of both satellite and in situ data. QC: Improved the comparisons 0.2 degree std dev., equally important on in situ and satellite observations.

7. 7 Satellite error statistics 1) Errors of the satellite products ProductBiasStd dev.Number of matchups SAF-10.300.501117 SAF-20.150.542232 BSH-b0.370.692871 BSH-n0.410.653471 Bias used to skin-bulk SST correction Accuracy of corrected SST Spatial window (km) Temporal window (hours) Std dev. (Degrees) Number of Matchups 540.577431 10 40.629691

8. 8 Satellite error statistics 2) Mean difference Other conclusions from report, which will be available within 2 weeks: Differences vary substantially between different types of in situ observations Annual variation in the in situ – satellite differences Larger errors at cold and warm SST Daytime observations have smaller bias and larger std dev (0.66 – 0.79 deg) Standard deviations

9. 9 Fill the gaps: Optimal Interpolation Uses steady state statistics –x, y and t covariances calculated from satellite observations –Spatially varying covariance models are fitted to data –Multiplatform, individual noise on observations –Same covariance model for satellite and in situ observations –OI is performed on anomalies (annual and semiannual variations subtracted)

10. 10 Covariance models Model determined from mean correlations In x and y r(x) = exp(ax 0.5 ) In time r(t) = exp(at 0.85 )

11. 11 Spatial variation of parameters Regional differences in the x,y and t correlation model parameters

12. 12 OI product to ODON/Bjarne 10 by 10 km, grid every 12 hours in 2001 Used 8 or 4 observations Search radius 3 days Areas outside domain filled with ECSSTs Satellite data In situ data OI RMS error 0.70.82 Predictions compared against independent observations:

13. 13 Elliptical covariances nature not x or y oriented

14. 14 Conclusions SAF and BSH satellite products have been validated with in situ observations Satellite Coverage is about 67% for North Sea and 61% for the Baltic Sea (for 20 km and 3 days averaging) In situ coverage is 10% for the North Sea, 5 % for the Baltic Sea. A skin—bulk correction has been applied to the satellite SSTs and the accuracy is 0.6 o C. Quality control procedures are important both for in situ and satellite observations. Optimal interpolation in time and space has been used to fill the gaps where no in situ or satellite observation exist 12 hourly SST fields delivered to the ODON project The accuracy of the OI product is max 0.82 o C Elliptical covariances may be important in some areas in the region