1. Harald Throne-Holst The Fallacies of Energy Efficiency: The Rebound Effect? Presentation at SAMSTEMT workshop in Trondheim 20.-21. November 2003

2. Harald Throne-Holst The outline of the presentation What is the Rebound Effect? The development of auto fuel consumption in Norway Fuel efficiency data for 4 car makers total ranges..and one car The importance and limitation of the Rebound Effect – and some indications to other perspectives

3. Harald Throne-Holst The Rebound Effect... by Garfield

4. Harald Throne-Holst Autofuel consumption in Norway 1984-2001

5. Harald Throne-Holst 4 car makers’ range

6. Harald Throne-Holst The Rebound Effect: Description and/or explanation Rebound Effect = Potential savings – Actual savings Mechanical derivings and effective price “The fallacies in the energy efficiency solution” (Brookes, 1990; 2000) 3 Rebound effects - Direct, Indirect and General equilibrium effect +1: Transformational

7. Harald Throne-Holst The Rebound Effect: Current issues Identification of sources Size of the Rebound Effect An apparent parallel to the Techno-Optimist/ Techno-Pessimist debate Not just energy – but also with respect to time

8. Harald Throne-Holst For economists only...? Confined to the economical sphere Non-economists hardly use this description/explanation “Behavioural, social or demographic factors” Growth in consumption can occur without change in effective price Alternative or complementary explanations needed?

9. Harald Throne-Holst The Volkswagen Golf

10. Harald Throne-Holst Some reasons for this development The main cause for weight increase is security measures: steel beams Another important factor, especially for fuel consumption: comfort measures: air conditioning Not covered by the Rebound Effect !

11. Harald Throne-Holst Development of technology 2 phases: Invention and innovation Implementation and use Here: Efficiency of technology Efficiency of use

12. Harald Throne-Holst Conclusions - I Trends in fuel consumption Technological development of cars The Rebound Effect’s pure price mechanism seems insufficient But addresses how growth in consumption offset energy efficiency gains

13. Harald Throne-Holst Conclusions - II Energy efficiency – The ultimate “free lunch” ? Towards an “Efficiency of Use” Other perspectives appear relevant and necessary. Examples: Ecological modernisation and ordinary consumption