1. Electronic Warfare Counter-measures
Naval Weapons Systems

2. EW Intro EW is a component of Information Operations (IO)
IO: Military strategy which implements Information Warfare (IW).
IO includes integrated use of OPSEC, military deception, PSYOPS, EW, and physical destruction. (discussed more in C4I Lesson)

3. Increasing Importance of EW:
Increased reliance on radar
OTH targeting
Increased use of Communications
Tactical Data Systems (TDS)
Increased speed of missiles and weapons systems
High-speed detection and tracking
Active-homing or passive-homing long-range missiles give little warning

4. Electronic Support (ES) *ESM Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM
Three Components of EW
Electronic Support (ES) *ESM
Electronic Attack (EA) *ECM
Electronic Protection (EP) *ECCM
ESM – Electronic Support Measures
ECM – Electronic Counter Measures
ECCM – Electronic Counter-counter Measures

5. Electronic Support (ES)
Surveillance of EM spectrum
Immediate threat recognition
Threat avoidance
Homing and targeting.
Passive EW or Signals Intelligence (SIGINT)
Electronic Intelligence (ELINT): Info derived from foreign non-communications EM information, particularly radar.
Communications Intelligence (COMINT): Info derived from foreign communications.
Advantages/limitations of passive EW.
We get ELINT and COMINT in many ways.
EP-3
COMSPOT
HUMINT?

6. ES Subdivisions:
Indications and Warnings (I&W)
Surveillance
Intelligence
New Technology

7. ES Receiver Design Requirements
Wide spectrum surveillance
Wide dynamic range
Unwanted signal rejection
Angle-of-Arrival measurement
Signal Analysis capability
Display
Recording System
AN/SLQ-32 versions 1-5
version 1: not used anymore
version 2: older ships (ie. DD)
version 3: upgraded version 2 with jamming capability
version 4: upgraded even more, newer ships (ie. DDG, CVN)
version 5: FFG only, some jamming capibility

8. Electronic Attack (EA)
Use of EM or directed energy to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment.
Active and Passive EW

9. Non-Destructive EA
Confusion: Mask or hide real targets by cluttering the radar display.
Jamming
Spot Jamming
Barrage Jamming
Sweep Jamming
Chaff
Infrared flares (Torch)

10. Spot, Barrage, and Sweep Jamming
Freq
Barrage
Spot
Ampl
Time

11. Spot and Barrage Jamming
Rcvr BW
Power
Spot Jamming
Class Discussion:
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of Jamming?
Barrage Jamming
Frequency

12. Effective Jamming PW
Rcvd Signal Amp.
PRT
Ineffective Jamming
time

13. Non-Destructive EA (cont.)
Deception: Create a false image or changes the image on a radar display.
Repeaters: Create false echo by delaying rcvd radar signals & retransmitting at later time.
Transponders: Create false signal by playing back a stored replica of the radar signal.
Chaff
Radar Decoys

14. Self Screening
Stand Off
Stand Forward

15. EA-6B Prowler!!!!!!!!!

16. Destructive EA
Anti-Radiation Missiles
HARM
Sidewinder
Directed Energy

17. HARM High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile Colors on ordnance?
Yellow: high-explosive
Brown: low-explosive or booster
Blue: training round or inert

18. HARM Results
Portable Radar Site
In Serbia

19. AIM-9 Sidewinder

20. Electronic Protection (EP)
The protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employment EW.
Passive and Active EW.

21. Electronic Protection (EP)
Three primary ways to defend ourselves from enemy EW
Modify our radar - make it more complex and harder to jam
Modify the Medium - Chaff and Torch
Modify the platform

22. EP: Radar Design Power Frequency PRF PW Pulse Shape Antenna Design
Scan Pattern
Basic: The better you know your enemy’s capability the better you can
counter it’s affect.
Radar Design:
Power - Fundamental parameter, the battle becomes one of power.
- Affects Burnthrough distance
Frequency Change - If your radar is frequency agile it is harder to jam.
PRF Changing the PRF in a random fashion is an effective counter to
deception. EA depends on the predictability of radar.
Pulse length - Increase the pulse length requires more power. Can use
pulse compression to compensate for range resolution and
minimum range.
Antenna Design - Reduce the amount and size of side lobes makes it more
difficult to jam from various axis.
Scan Pattern - influence amount of energy directed towards the radar target.

23. EP Factors
Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to overpower jammer noise (ECCM)
Emission Control (EMCON)
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Operator Training
Burnthrough - More power in the air at the contact!
EMCON - Alpha through Delta,
Alpha silent and A1
Bravo and B1
Charlie
Delta essentials only – Normal steaming configuration
Operator Training - recognize jamming and counter it!

24. U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities
SLQ-32 “Sidekick” - on all combatants
Radar warning, detection and jamming
Uses an internal library to auto detect & categorize
Infrared Flares - GIANT
on all combatants
Chaff - on all combatants
Go over slide.

25. U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities
SSQ-108 “Outboard” - on some Spruance class, DDG, CG, LHA, LHD
Any ship with SSES
real-time, over-the-horizon passive detection, localization, and targeting
SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy - on Arleigh Burke class
Rubber Duck – looks like a life boat container
SSES – Shipboard Signals Exploitation Space
IS, CT, maybe EW’s and a Crypto Officer.

26. U.S. Airborne EW Capabilities
ALQ ES system on SH-60 Seahawk
ALQ EW system on EA-6B Prowler
Mimics radar signals
ALQ EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18
ALQ EA jamming system on F/A-18
ALR ES detection system on S-3 Viking
ALR ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye
Chaff on SH-60 Seahawk
Go over slide.

27. Questions?