1. The Muscular System CH. 10 Part 2

2. Muscles of the Head and Face Important in facial expressions All but one innervated by CN VII (facial nerve) – Levator palpebrae superioris

3. Fig. 10.7a

4. Fig. 10.7b

5. Bell Palsy Idoipathic facial nerve paralysis Results from disease or injury to CN VII Treatments include steroids and antiviral medication DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

6. Muscles of the Neck forums.tigsource.com crossfitsouthbay.com

7. Neck Muscles Sternocleidomastoid – O – manubrium and medial part of clavicle – I – Mastoid process and lateral side of nuchal line – Action bilateral, flexion of head Unilateral, tilting head up and to side, rotating head. Digastric – O – mastoid notch of temporal bone, digastric fossa of mandible – I – hyoid bone – Action When hyoid fixed, opens mouth wide When mandible fixed, elevates hyoid Mylohyoid – O – Mylohyoid line near inferior margin of mandible – I – hyoid bone – Action Forms floor of mouth, elevates floor of mouth during initial phases of swallowing

8. Muscles of the Arm healthtwo.wikispaces.com m.eb.com

9. Muscles of the Arm Biceps Brachii – O – long head, sup. margin of glenoid cavity; short head, coracoid process – I – tuberosity of radius, fascia – Action Synergist in elbow flexion, supination of wrist Brachialis – O – anterior surface of distal humerus – I – Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna – Action Prime mover in elbow flexion Triceps Brachii – O – Long head, inf. margin of glenoid cavity; lateral head, posterior surface of proximal end of humerus; medial head, posterior surface of humeral shaft – I – olecranon, fascia of forearm – Action Extends elbow, long head extends and adducts humerus

10. Muscles of the Forearm makeoverfitness.com britannica.com

11. Muscles of the Forearm Brachioradialis – O – lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus – I – Lateral surface of radius near styloid process – Action Flexes elbow

12. www2.brevard.edu

13. http://patticarothersonline.org/cat_muscles_ of_the_forearm_photo.htm http://patticarothersonline.org/cat_muscles_ of_the_forearm_photo.htm

14. Muscles of the Chest, Abdomen, and Back boddunan.com britannica.com

15. Muscles of the Back muscleblitz.com

16. Muscles of the Neck, Chest, and Back Trapezius – O – External occipital protuberance, medial third of superior nuchal line and nuchal ligament, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3 or T4 – I – acromion and spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle – Action Extends and laterally flexes neck Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements Elevates and depresses apex of shoulders

17. Muscles of the Neck, Chest, and Back Erector spinae – Function to maintain posture and to help stand erect Bilateral contraction – extend vertebral column Unilateral contraction – lateral flexion of vertebral column – Organized into three groups Iliocostalis – Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum Longissimus – Capitis, cervicis, thoracis Spinalis – Capitis, cervicis, thoracis

18. Fig. 10.17

19. Fig. 10.18

20. Muscles of Neck, Chest, and Back Latissimus Dorsi – O – Vertebrae T7 – L5, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia – I – Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus – Action Adducts and medially rotates humerus, extends shoulder joint, produces backward swing of arm Pectoralis major – O – Medial half of clavicle, costal cartilages 1-7, aponeurosis of external oblique – I – Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus – Action Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

21. Muscles of the Legs ultimatepersonaltrainerstoolbox.com m.eb.com

22. Muscles of the Legs Rectus Femoris – O – Ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum, capsule of hip joint – I – patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia – Action Extends the knee, flexes thigh at hip, flexes trunk on hip of thigh is fixed Vastus Lateralis – O – greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, and linea aspera – I – same as rectus femoris – Action Extends knee, retains patella during knee movements Vastus Medialis – O – Femur at intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line – I – Same as rectus femoris – Action Same as vastus lateralis Sartorius – O – on and near anterior superior spine of ilium – I – medial surface of proximal end of tibia – Action Aids in knee and hip flexion, abducts and laterally rotates thigh

23. Muscles of the Legs Biceps Femoris – O – Long head, ischial tuberosity; short head linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur – I – head of fibula – Action Flexes knee, extends hip, laterally rotates femur when hip is extended Semitendinosis – O – ischial tuberosity – I – Medial surface of upper tibia – Action Flexes knee, medially rotates tibia on femor when knee is flexed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended Semimembranosus – O – Ischial tuberosity – I – medial condyle and margin of tibia, intercondylar line and lateral condyle of femur, ligament of popliteal region – Action Same as semitendinosus

24. Muscles of the Lower Leg health.com

25. Compartment Syndrome Limb muscles organized into compartments – Area of functionally related muscles, blood vessels and nerves surrounded by deep fascia If blood vessels damaged – Fluid can accumulate in compartment – Pressure build up results in degenerative events Nerve cell and muscle cell death result from ischemia Treatments – Resting and immobilizing limb – fasciotomy www.orthoandsportspt.com