1. Conference Space Weather Effects on Humans: in Space and on the Earth, Moscow, june 4-8, 2012

2. The Goal of Presentation

4. The Main Goals of Biomedical Research at Antarctica Vostok station  Study of adaptation, functional disorders and possible illness during one year living in extremal environment  Test advanced methods and tools for profilaxis and treatment of disorders and illness

5. Сommon Risk Factors for Health in Antarctica / Vostok station / and Space Expedition  Social and information isolation  Autonomous  Small size of station  Hypokinezia  Limited amount of crewmembers  Monotony of life  Tinned food  Changed gas environment at the station  Extremal low temperatures outside the station  Changed magnetic environment  Unusual photoperiodic /day – night  Necessity of put on special clothes before going outside the station  Social and information isolation  Autonomous  Small size of station  Hypokinezia  Limited amount of crewmembers  Monotony of life  Tinned food  Changed gas environment at the station  Extremal low temperatures outside the station  Changed magnetic environment  Unusual photoperiodic /day – night  Necessity of put on special clothes before going outside the station

6. The Psychic State of Polar Man by Self Reports, Medical Observations and EEG Records Duration of expeditions, months SymptomsEEG 1 - 2 High spirit, increased general activity, high capacities for work Increased spike- activity Increased alfa- and beta - activities Increased frequency of alfa - rhythm 3 - 4 Lowering of general activity and spirit, high irritability and conflicting, signs of asthenia Disappearance of spikes Lowering of beta - rhythm activity 5 – 6 Unstable spirit, high irritability, need for more frequent change of activity Increased delta - activity

7. The Psychic State of Polar Man by Self Reports, Medical Observations and EEG Records Duration of expeditions, months SymptomsEEG 7 - 8 Improvement of spirit, high conflicting and agression, decreased capacities for work, lowered interest to usual duties, asthenia Increased teta - activity 9 - 10 High spirit, elevated touchiness and aggression, reticence, low interest to external events Increased beta - activity Spikes Decreased delta - activity Increased amplitude of alfa- rhythm 11 – 12 High spirit, increased general activity, high irritability and conflicting, lack of restraint Lowering of alfa - activity and frequency of alfa - rhythm Decrease of beta- and delta – activity

8. Concentration of 11-oxycorticosteroids in Blood Plasma /µcg in ml / of Polar Men / Vostok station / Month of expedition Norm.146812 21,45±2,733,48±4,8631,98±4,6235,54±4,0927,88±2,0222,66±1,6

9. Astrobiology in Antarctica  To discover form of life in soil and ice- covered lakes assuming that the same forms can exist on the Mars surface  To test the technology and hardware developed for using it on the Mars surface  To discover form of life in soil and ice- covered lakes assuming that the same forms can exist on the Mars surface  To test the technology and hardware developed for using it on the Mars surface

10. Some results of research /Victoria Land of Antarctica/ Some results of research /Victoria Land of Antarctica/ The ice-free dry valleys Authors 1. AlgaeHorowits N.D. et al., 1972 2. Imperfect yeast Cryptococcus vishniaci Vishniac H.S. and Hempfling W.P., 1979 3. Cyanobacteria and lichensFridmann E.I., 1982 Perennially ice-covered lakes Cyanobacteria and DiatomereSimmons G.M. et al., 1981

12. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS  Central Antarctica, dry deserts and iced covered lakes of Antarctica are the proper natural Mars analogs for research in space life sciences  In spite of many extremal factors of prolonged living at Vostok station the most significant factor for wellbeing is isolation of small group in limited space  The psychophysiological research is the most priority biomedical research during prolonged living in extremal environment  The atmosphere with low barometric pressure (≈460 mm Hg) and low partial pressure of 02 (≈90 mm Hg) may be used as basic or accident atmosphere for orbital space and planet ary stations  Central Antarctica, dry deserts and iced covered lakes of Antarctica are the proper natural Mars analogs for research in space life sciences  In spite of many extremal factors of prolonged living at Vostok station the most significant factor for wellbeing is isolation of small group in limited space  The psychophysiological research is the most priority biomedical research during prolonged living in extremal environment  The atmosphere with low barometric pressure (≈460 mm Hg) and low partial pressure of 02 (≈90 mm Hg) may be used as basic or accident atmosphere for orbital space and planet ary stations