1. The Accelerator Directorate The Organization, Priorities and Accelerator R&D May 4, 2011 Norbert Holtkamp

2. Topics Mission of the Accelerator Directorate Priorities Organization and resources of the Accelerator Directorate Where do we go with Accelerator R&D Long range planning My first 100 days Organizational adjustments /Staff development Summary 2Accelerator Strategy

3. The Mission of the Accelerator Directorate Operate the existing accelerators at SLAC and provide the highest level of performance. Improve the capability of existing accelerators and support the construction of new ones. Develop enabling technologies for existing and future accelerators. Maintain and develop technology infrastructure to serve SLACs mission and the DOE complex. Educate next generation accelerator scientists and engineers. Accelerator Strategy3 Accelerators are the heart beat of SLAC presence and future!

4. Priorities Accelerator Strategy4

5. LCLS: A fantastic Tool Accelerator Strategy 5 “… and then there was [X- ray] light”. Coherent light. Immediately! Very short transition from commissioning to user operation. “Dial in” operation of FEL parameters today. LCLS LCLS II SSRL FACET NLCTA Test Beams Manufacturing Development Baseline performance Current performance Photon energy range 830 to 8300 eV 480 to 10,000 eV; up to 20,000 eV FEL pulse length 230 fs5 - 500 fs FEL pulse energy up to 2 mJup to 4 mJ

6. Accelerator Strategy Priorities: LCLS-II as a Part of the 2025 Agenda: What SLAC Envisions present LCLS NEH Hall LCLS-2025 FEH Hall LCLS II is key step on path to LCLS 2025 soft x-ray hard x-ray

7. The present Organization and the Resources of the Directorate

8. Present Accelerator Directorate Organization Norbert Holtkamp, ALD Bob Hettel, Deputy John Seeman, Deputy LCLS Accelerator Systems Division A.Brachmann Accelerator Engineering Division K. Fant Accelerator Operations & Safety Division R. Erickson Accelerator Research Division T. Raubenheimer S0-20 Accelerator Division U. Wienands Strategic Projects Division J. Galayda SPEAR3 Accelerator Division J. Schmerge ESH&Q Mike Scharfenstein Acting Administration H. O’Donnell Business Office C. Lowe AD was created about two years ago to support it’s mission but integrating the resources in one place The Accelerator Directorate has a total of ~ 600 FTE. Approximately 275 FTE are funded directly or indirectly in support of the LCLS Approximately 170 FTE are “hard” matrixed to the LCLS 8Accelerator Strategy ~400

9. Main Sources of Funding for the Accelerator Directorate WBS 3 SSRL Science WBS 8: The Accelerator Directorate Accelerator Support for PPA, SSRL, LCLS Operations, Safety and Maintenance Upgrades – AIPs, small projects Research and Future Development Core Competencies and Technologies Service Centers Projects – LCLS II, LUSI, FACET, MEC (WBS 7) HEPfundsBESfundsBESfunds WBS 4 LCLS Science WBS 2 PPA Science 9Accelerator Strategy Other Fund Sources Work for Others

10. Detailed Breakdown for FY 11: Accelerator Strategy10 HEPLCLSSSRLOtherGrand Total TOTAL WBS 8.038,76595,68812,3356,721153,510 8.02SPEAR3 Core Team008,6290 SPEAR3 Core Team Management005,5910 SPEAR3 Operations and Mainten002,2640 SPEAR3 Upgrades007730 8.03LCLS Core Team068,59300 LCLS Core Team Management02,08600 LCLS Operations and Maintenanc039,80700 LCLS Upgrades026,70100 8.04Sect 0 to 20 & FACET6,9386,0150012,953 S0-20 Core Team Management44546200906 S0-20 Operations and Maintenan4,4485,235009,683 S0-20 Upgrades2,046318002,364 8.05Accelerator Ops & Safety1,28812,8813,706017,876 AOS Division Office22669623401,157 Maintenance Coord, Statistics,062200 Document Control044900 Beam Operations3504,3211,53706,208 MCC Systems070300 SPEAR3 Control Center Systems00200 Power7126,0901,91508,717 8.06Accelerator R & D30,5398,19906,72145,460 ARD Division Office107000 LCLS06,40302,2428,645 Spear3000205 Test Facilities5,599000 ILC4,237000 LARP and LHC Upgrades2,361000 Accelerator Design - Physics &1,452000 RF Source & Structure Developm8,813001,61710,430 Novel Acceleration Research3,666000 High Gradient Research3,157000 Accelerator Technology Develop6481,79602392,683 AD Work For Others498001,9832,481 Other Accelerator R&D000436

11. Where are we going with Accelerator R&D: Status and Path forward

12. SLACs Lab Agenda Mission Grow into the premier Photon Science Laboratory Maintain our position as the premier [electron] accelerator laboratory Build targeted programs in particle physics, particle astrophysics & cosmology 12Accelerator Strategy

13. SLAC  Particle Physics+Astronomy and Accelerator Research PPA FERMI LSST LHC support EXO LC Super B Accelerators NC LC Technology High Power RF High Gradients FACET LASER Acceleration TEST beams 13Accelerator Strategy … the programs, facilities and infrastructure SLAC operates

14. Example: Maintain our Status as the Premier Electron Accelerator Laboratory HEP: Innovative technologies for accelerators –NC high gradient acceleration –Dielectric –Plasma –NC accelerator for DOE (and worldwide) FACET HEP  BES Novel approach for high brightness beams –Beam generation –Beam/  -manipulation –Laser-Beam manipulation/diagnostics ECHO 4 14Accelerator Strategy

15. HEP+BES: The SLAC Multi-Program Environment PPA Detector R&D Computing Data acquisition & management AD Beam Dynamics Technology infrastructure Test Facilities Research on future colliders Computation 15 Accelerator Strategy LCLS,SSRL & Photon Science  LCLS Operations  LCLS Experiments  Data acquisition  Data storage  High brightness beams  Low Emittance Beam Acceleration  New light source concepts … the technology HEP supports at SLAC benefits the entire lab… …and back

16. Status: The Laboratory Mission - The Accelerator Role Grow into the premier Photon Science Laboratory Maintain our position as the premier [electron] accelerator laboratory Build targeted programs in particle physics, particle astrophysics & cosmology Seeding schemes that will change FEL designs R&D Program @LCLSLC, Beam Manipulation Next Generation InjectorsInjector Test InfrastructureLC, Super KEKB, Ultra short pulsesDiagnostics. Timing/Synchronization LC, Laser Acceleration User adapted applicationsLinac designs for specific needs LC, MC Enabling TechnologyRF Power (at any band) and new power sources LC, MAP, Project X, everywhere The “ultimate” storage ringBeam Dynamics and Feedback systems Super B / Super KEK B “Doubling the energy”Plasma Wake Field Acceleration FACET and its experimental program Accelerator Strategy 16

17. Status: Programmatic Elements and Direction Adv. Accelerator R&D: Microwave acceleration Plasma acceleration Laser acceleration FEL related R &D; FEL operation Storage rings Instrumentation High rep rate, ultrafast Accelerator Computations Pulsed Power Modulators BEAM DynamicsHigh Power RF Fully aligned with SLAC mission DOE fully funds 100% Unique capability @SLAC. DOE will partially fund Very useful for SLAC Largely funded through grants NC Linac Design & Construction 17Accelerator Strategy

18. Photons: LCLS accompanying FEL R&D Program with essential components for LCLS II, NGLS and other FELs 2011-122015-162013-142017-18 2019-20 LCLS-II injector LCLS-II completion HXRSS Injector studies (LCLS-II injector) ITF (Sector 0-9) to enable advanced beam generation, manipulation, compression and seeding at high energy Temporal diagnostics & timing Attosecond x-ray generation FEL Seeding schemes Beam brightness & manipulation Technology development Ultrafast techniques ECHO-7+ SXRSS demo Laser & phase error control THz & Polarization THz generation Polarization ctrl. Multi bunches, detectors, short-period undulators, high-rep. rate CTF/GTF (Cathode, Gun) X-ray Beamline R&D Z.Huang J.Hastings B.Hettel

19. Sector 0 FEL R&D Test Facility A staged approach to a five to ~40 Million$ Test Facility that serves SLAC and others (LBNL, ANL) 19Accelerator Strategy

20. Path forward on the Photon Side The R&D plan is consistent with SLACs mission statement The plan includes other laboratories and serves not only SLAC but other national programs and the worldwide community All elements of the plan will happen depending on time and funding because they are all mission critical … it’s a good and complete plan, although details are missing! Accelerator Strategy20

21. Status: What about the High Energy Physics part and/or other parts? B.Brinkman (Oct 2009) There are a number of promising emerging accelerator technologies now under investigation with HEP support: –High-Gradient RF Structures –Muon Accelerators &Colliders –Photonic Band-Gap Structures –Superconducting Radio Frequency –Wake Fields in Plasmas or Dielectrics Accelerator Strategy21

22. The Reality: FY2011 funding and future? Where will SLAC be in 3-5 years? Following trend: ~ $ 10 M; flat Following trend ~ $ 3 M 0 unless there is a FACET II Following trend ~ $ 3.5 M Depends: 0- < $ 2 M _______________________________ That’s ~ $ 15 M versus ~ $ 35 M Accelerator Strategy22

23. Summary: AD-Status Overview and Outlook R&D infrastructure: –HEP funded AD infrastructure is about $ 30M / y Probably shrink to $ 10M / y by 2015 –BES funded AD infrastructure is << $ 10M / y could grow to $ 20M / y In order to maintain and grow this infrastructure AD would need a ~$30M - $40M program by 2015. Sources: DARPA, BES, NP, HEP, FS, DOD, Industry, NIH, NNSA AD is approx $ 150M/y now and will be in 2015/2016 because LCLS II construction money. Without WFO AD can not grow/maintain. Management decision: not more than 20% of the AD base! 23Accelerator Strategy

24. Path forward: Accelerator Research Program Strong programs in Advanced Accelerator concepts, High Power RF (HPRF) and Beam physics and Diagnostics –Utilize SLAC core competencies in HPRF and accelerator design –Leverage SLAC test facilities, infrastructure and computation effort SLAC HEP Accelerator R&D program at crossroads –World-leading accelerator research program with unique but expensive infrastructure and test facilities –Most near-term application  industrial or scientific radiation sources –Accelerators have potential to impact community and economy Accelerator Strategy 24 SLAC is and will even more be the center for NC RF linac design, construction and operation with a wide variety of applications and strong connections to other government agencies and industry!

25. Other Sources of Funding- is it a Solution? WFO funding can support infrastructure and technology that can not be full covered by funding through base/core programs. SLAC has technology, infrastructure and intellectual capabilities that can benefit industries, other agencies and the nation. Risks: –Fluctuations in funding can not be fully covered by Laboratory Base budget –Effort becomes very scattered without clear direction and alignment with lab core mission –AD can’t raise the ~$ 35M /y and AD infrastructure will fade away –WFO becomes substantial part of base budget and threatens lab core missions through shift in priority Accelerator Strategy25

26. WFO: Is It Realistic? LabTopicTime Funding Scale Funding Risk CERNOngoing structure fabrication & testing2010-11~300kNone LLNLFirst phase of MEGa-ray construction2010-11~750kNone FNALProject-X rf system development2011~400kNone LANLDesign studies for MARIE2011~300kLow LCLSSLED pulse compressor upgrade2011-12~600kLow LLNLComplete MEGa-ray 250 MeV linac2011-12~1600kLow LLNLJoint LLNL/SLAC DARPA AxIS Prop.2011-14~7200kMed CERNAdditional CLIC structure testing at SLAC2012-13~800kMed CERNThree additional klystron-based test stands (SATS)2012-14~2200k # Low LANLR&D for MARIE on high grad. long-pulse linacs2012-14~5000kHigh LCLSX-band deflector (klystron, waveguide, …)2013~800kMed LCLS-IIBunch compressor linearizer2013~800kLow LCLSEnergy dither (600 MeV w/ 4 XL4’s & 16 struct.)2014-15~5400kHigh ELI-NPHigh gradient 600 MeV linac for gamma ICS2014-16~8000k # Med PSIEnergy dither / energy upgrade (0.4 ~ 2 GeV)2016~10M$ per GeV # High # = funding may be split between SLAC and industry ~500k additional internal SLAC LDRD funding in FY11 26 Accelerator Strategy

27. WFO by Directorate at SLAC Today Directorate Photon science$ 826k Particle & Astro$1,096k SSRL$5,961k LCLS$105k Operations$1,729k Accelerator$3,434k AD-BES$1.901k Adv Sci Comp$132k $13,151k 27Accelerator Strategy We intend to grow this to > $ 22,000k in FY12 !!!

28. More recent initiatives – We will do! The Muons: Engage in MAP-Berkeley and SLAC will make a proposal together. Approx 6 FTEs each. Plan for FACET II Maintain the Linear Collider expertise (at SLAC or elsewhere) Engage with HP RF industry Start WFO others program (and infrastructure) Started an initiative between S.Gourlay, S.Henderson and N.Holtkamp regarding Accelerator R&D organization within DOE SC. Accelerator Strategy28

29. My first 100 days

30. My First 100 Days…Observations The observations were heavily influenced by the review of Accelerator Engineering Division. –Business systems + Document management systems are up to standards –“Shadow organizations” and “Shadow systems” exist Systems Engineering is not consistent across AD/Lab. Significant frustration regarding Accelerator R&D. Lack of trust towards upper management. In spite of all that: Operation of user facilities and construction of new ones is doing very well. 30 Accelerator Strategy

31. The Present Organization Accelerator Strategy31

32. Organizational Adjustments Is there anything wrong with the existing organization? Observations: –28% of all AD employees are coded supervisors –Present org charts mix between administrative and functional supervision –Up to seven levels of management –Internal All Hands meeting pointed out deficiencies in communication and lack of clarity in supervision –Dissatisfied customers –In some areas the mission and the organization are not aligned. –Some of the current structure has been in place for more than a decade and can be rigid, cumbersome and inflexible –Rates are too high. Substantial undistributed time across the organization 32Accelerator Strategy

33. What Does 4 Levels of Management Look Like? LEVEL 0 Lab Director LEVEL 1 ALD LEVEL 2 Division Head LEVEL 3 Manager Individual Contributor/Employee Craft Supervision Manager All Hands Meeting, April 12 201133

34. Adjusted Organization Accelerator Strategy 34

35. Recommendation last SPC: Staff Development Plan Accelerator Strategy35 Functional Authority Administrative Authority Staff development by using the matrix and creating opportunities for leadership development It’s not more people (yet), but it will be more leaders ! Recent search for Accel Faculty Staff likely be redirected

36. Summary The largest part of the Accelerator Directorate is very straightforward although challenging to maintain and to improve The Accelerator Research and Development is facing a major shift and we need to calibrate ourselves whether: –The path makes sense –The path is realistic –The path allows address to the full breath of opportunities There will be a series of talks addressing the elements of the plan Accelerator Strategy36

37. Backup Accelerator Strategy37

38. Budget Realities SLAC operates the only hard x-ray laser for another couple of years. There are core competencies that SLAC wants to maintain and that the DOE wants to maintain within the complex There are new projects and opportunities for the Accelerator directorate: –LCLS II, ITF, FEL R&D programs, NGLS participation… –Develop, implement and execute a healthy Work For Others program –Look for the future of HEP: SUPER B, LHC, Linear Collider, Muon Collider… but better be patient! 38Accelerator Strategy

39. Long Range Planning Accelerator Strategy39 Ten Year View of SLAC Funding Total in $Millions Base - Research, Operations & MaintenanceFY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017FY2018FY2019FY2020OutyearsTotal High Energy Physics (HEP) 93 89 91 92 94 97 99 102 104 107 109 Basic Eenerty Science (BES) - SSRL 33 34 45 48 51 54 55 57 59 61 63 BES LCLS 106 123 143 157 170 185 201 217 223 228 234 BES Photon Science 18 20 23 30 36 43 52 62 75 90 107 Other - EM, Safeguard & Security, BER 10 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 Ttl SLAC Base 261 279 316 343 367 397 426 458 481 507 537 0 0 0 Non-Base - Projects Science Laboratory Infrastrcutre (SLI)-Research Support Bldg (RSB) 7 41 12 36 - - - - - - - - 96 SLI-Scientific User and Support Bldg (SUSB) - - 12 33 19 1 - - - - - - 65 SLI-Photon Science Laboratory Bldg - - - - - - 5 30 25 - - - 60 BES-LCLS I & PULSE 39 BES-LCLS II 1 7 30 91 115 95 45 15 - - - - 399 BES-LCLS 2025 - - - - - - - - 5 17 40 538 600 BES-PEP X - - - - - - - - - 6 25 469 500 HEP-LSST - - 12 25 44 37 24 14 - - - - 156 BES-SSRL BL, incl Addt'l Staff Suprt - 2 5 10 11 13 9 7 7 7 93 Total NonBase Projects 47 49 71 195 189 143 87 72 39 30 72 1,014 1,969 Total SLAC - NonARRA 308 328 387 538 557 540 513 529 520 537 608 1,014 1,969 ARRA Projects 33 40 21 - - - - - - - - - 94 Total SLAC 340 368 409 538 557 540 513 529 520 537 608 1,014 2,063 Out Year Input from PPA - R. Alva; SSRL - S. Carlson; LCLS - S. Honl; Photon Sci - N. Matlin Current Fiscal Year

40. Flat Organizations … Tuned for matrix organizations Reduces the number of layers “above” –We will go from ~>20% supervisors to ~ 6%  Empowers employees  reduces layers through which to filter messages thus improves communication  Reduces costs to the organization (= efficiencies)  Encourages accountability  Enhances creativity and productivity through empowerment Accelerator Strategy40

41. The Biggest Change: Accelerator Engineering Division Owns more than 2/3 of AF (>400 people) Only 2 options: 1.AED is a directorate 2.AED splits up into 3 ~90~130~180 Accelerator Strategy 41

42. What Do We Have? - What Do We Want? Accelerator Strategy42

43. Administrative Supervisor vs. Functional Lead Functional Lead Role Under the direction of the supervisor: Not a Position, but a Role –Plan and assign work –Provide coaching and guidance on performance of job duties – may be Subject Matter Expert –Communicates and monitors compliance with policy, procedure and protocol –Provides performance feedback to supervisor –Executes WPC Does not replace BU leads Administrative Supervisor Makes all personnel actions –Hires –Evaluates –Promotes –Transfers –Terminates Compensation decisions Administers corrective action Writes and delivers performance evaluation Responsible for WPC Accelerator Strategy43

44. “You Can’t Manage What You Don’t Measure” Possible Metrics for AD Customer Satisfaction Cost (overhead, UDT) Turn-around time (determine baseline) Quality of output (reliability and availability of systems post installation and operation) Long term safety performance System function and performance vs customer requirements Accelerator Strategy44

45. FEL Accelerator R&D Test Facilities – One Idea T. Raubenheimer Cathode Test Facility/ ASTA (low E) Photocathode R&D aimed at understanding LCLS lifetime and damage issues Test rf gun modifications before installation in LCLS-I or II Longer term R&D aimed at high brightness cathodes with lower thermal  (coatings, smoothness, new materials) Injector R&D Program NLCTA Facility (<~250 MeV) Simulation and experimental program aimed at significant improvement in brightness; low-E seeding; technology and ultrafast technique development 1)Design studies on rf gun design, CSR micro- bunching and cathodes 2)Rf gun development and testing at NLCTA in 2012 3)NLCTA R&D on injector beam physics LCLS-II Injector (135 MeV) Full injector configuration; opportunity for R&D before LCLS-II turn-on Early construction, commissioning in ~2013/14 to study injector physics before LCLS-II operation Combined HB program requires ~3M/yr new funding Three parallel experimental efforts:

46. HEP Accelerator R&D Priorities at SLAC Advanced accelerator R&D with potential for major impact –Plasma Wakefield program although $6M FACET operations support will limit the user program severely –Dielectric laser acceleration and NLCTA programs –SLAC needs strong leadership and vision!!! Beam dynamics core capability and computing mostly supported externally already High gradient and X-band programs –Unique capability world-wide but applications unclear Must define approach to normal-conducting linacs –Ongoing High Power RF (HPRF) program Possibly redirect High Gradient program toward power sources –Continued collaborations with LLNL, LANL and CERN Accelerator Strategy46