1. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. WebPro Series Networking Practical Application of skills

2. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Introduction You have just completed an intensive course on networking. In this lesson we will underscore the skills from that course that are important to you as a webmaster. After this lesson, you will complete a hands-on exercise using these skills.

3. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Lesson Objectives Identify hardware components of a network Explain how TCP/IP is used to transmit data over the Internet Write a proposal to construct a local Ethernet network

4. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Network Topology There are two typical types of network topology –linear bus –star

5. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Linear Bus Topology Computers are arranged in a straight series, and are typically connected with coaxial cable (RG 58) –main advantage is its simple layout, no hub is required –disadvantage is that if there is any break in the line, the network fails

6. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Star Topology Computers are arranged in a star pattern using Twisted-Pair Category 3 (10 Mbs/sec) or Category 5 (10/100 Mbs/sec) cable. A hub in the center connects the machines. this arrangement is more costly, but generally more reliable than Linear Bus not every machine has to be connected in order for the network to function

7. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Cabling In this lesson we’re going to discuss the most popular type of cabling, Category 5 or cat-5 as it is commonly known. This is the best solution for most office applications and the one we will focus on for our project. Cat-5 cable consists of eight strands of wire twisted into pairs. These wires fit into a connector called an RJ-45 plug on one end and a patch panel in the wiring closet.

8. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Cabling The RJ-45 plug looks like a standard telephone plug, except it carries eight wires instead of four. Cabling a local network with Cat-5 is similar in many ways to telephone wiring. Each room has a receptacle with one or more connectors. The cables for each receptacle are run to a central location in the office (commonly called the wiring closet).

9. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. The Wiring Closet Typically consists of the following hardware: –19” metal rack to mount hardware on –patch panel to wire cabling into bridge or hub The wiring closet may also have the following: –surge protection unit –system diagnostic hardware

10. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. What is TCP/IP TCP/IP is the network protocol that computers on the Internet use to communicate with one another. The name TCP/IP is a combination of two of the four protocols that make up the suite of protocols that the Internet uses. The four protocols are: –IP –TCP –UDP –ICMP

11. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. TCP and UDP The two protocols that we are most concerned with are TCP and UDP. –TCP (Transport Control Protocol) -- a connection-based protocol that guarantees data transmission. –UDP (User Datagram Protocol) -- connectionless protocol that does not guarantee data transmission

12. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. TCP TCP provides a point-to-point channel for applications that require reliable communications. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Telnet are all examples of applications that require a reliable communication channel. The order in which the data is sent and received over the network is critical to the success of these applications. When HTTP is used to read from a URL, the data must be received in the order in which it was sent. Otherwise, you end up with a jumbled HTML file, a corrupt zip file, or some other invalid information.

13. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. UDP The UDP protocol provides for communication that is not guaranteed between two applications on the network. UDP is not connection-based like TCP. Rather, it sends independent packets of data, called datagrams, from one application to another.

14. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. How does a network work? Diagram of two networks connected to the Internet

15. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. How does a network work? In the diagram, there are two networks -- anyguy.com and stooge.com -- that are connected to each other, and the Internet, by a router. The router’s job is to pass information (datagrams) to computers in different subnets. For example, if moe.stooge.com and larry.stooge.com want to speak to each other the datagrams never pass through the router. If moe wanted to speak to tom.anyguy.com, however, the router would have to route that information to the proper network, using information stored in its routing table.

16. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. The TCP Frame Most Internet applications, including the web, ftp and email, require a certain degree of data integrity and a 100% transmission rate. To achieve 100% data integrity, TCP can be used. Basically, TCP requires that the destination computer acknowledge every DATAGRAM that the source computer sends. This is much more reliable, but requires a lot more bandwidth to achieve.

17. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. What about the names? Names for machines, (www.somecompany.com) don’t mean anything in terms of networking. The machines only use the IP numbers (i.e., 192.168.1.1). It is much more difficult for humans to remember 207.25.71.25 than www.cnn.com so the domain name schema was invented.

18. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. How does it work? Basically, whenever you use a computer name, that name is sent to a DNS (domain name service) and translated into the corresponding IP address. This is called resolving an IP address. The IP address of the DNS is specified in your computer’s network settings. There are many DNS’s, and they work in a hierarchy. In other words, not every DNS has every computer on the Internet listed.

19. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Choosing a Server When it comes to a server, there are many points to consider: –What tasks will this machine perform? –How long will we need to use this server? –How many people will access this server?

20. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Some Tasks Your server typically performs the following tasks: –Web Server –Email Server –Database Server –Application Server –Office Backups

21. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Typical Choices The type of server you buy will depend mostly on personal choices. Things to keep in mind: –What operating system are you familiar with? –What OS does the office staff use? –What programs does your office want to use, what OS’s will they run on? You can mix systems, but only UNIX mixes cross platform very well

22. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Typical Choices No matter what system you choose, there are three main considerations: –Get the fastest processor with the most RAM your budget will allow. –Size the Hard Drive to the tasks that the server will perform. –Make sure you have a way to back up the server (tape backup, RAID controller, etc.)

23. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Practical Application: why is this important to me? It is important to know how the webpages you design are delivered. It is also possible that you may be asked to do some simple networking in your office. The following example will require you to do just that; create a network in your office using the skills you’ve learned in the networking course.

24. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. The Task Your boss wants to develop a web presence. You are given a $8,000 budget to buy a server, and upgrade the existing cabling and equipment for a 100 Mbps network. You need to assess what equipment you need to buy, obtain price quotes and compose a one-page proposal outlining what needs to be purchased.

25. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. What you already have 2000 ft of Cat-3 Cable 10 Desktops running Win98 7 with 10/100 Ethernet cards, 3 with 10Mb cards 1 10 port, 10 Mb hub 48 port, Cat-5 capable patch panel A router

26. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Equipment You Need Server Cat-5 Cabling 100Mb bridge Power Backup Enough 100 Mb Ethernet cards

27. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Keep in mind You should take into account the existing equipment and build off of that. Don’t forget about future expandability. You may only need a 10 port hub for your 10 existing computers, but if you add one more computer you will have outgrown your hub.

28. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Resources Feel free to get quotes from any source you like. You’ll need to include a copy of the quotes with your proposal. If you’re unsure of where to get started, here is an alphabetical list of online stores: –Apple (www.apple.com) –Compaq (www.compaq.com) –Dell Computer (www.dell.com) –Gateway 2000 (www.gateway.com) –IBM (commerce.www.ibm.com) –microWarehouse (www.warehouse.com)

29. Networking Archimedes Performance, Inc. Epic Learning, Inc. Final Thoughts It doesn’t matter what equipment you choose, as long as you defend your choices in your proposal. Brand reputation, past experience and peer recommendations are all good justifications.