1. Chapter Ten
Harmonizing

2. Chords Under a Melody
When a melody sits on top of chords, the texture called homophony is created. Depending on whether the chords are created by instruments or by voices, these chords are called either accompaniment (instruments) or harmonizing (voices).

3. Harmonizing Techniques for creating melodic lines
that harmonize a melody--
1. Find Pitch in the Tonic Chord Sing a parallel melody
2. Use Chords of the song Create a Bass Line
3. Sing the Words of the song on One Pitch until you need to change

4. Harmonization Methods

5. American Vernacular Music
A Rich Blend of Musical Elements brought by Various Ethnic Groups
Leadbelly
Country Blues from
Traditional Southern Mississippi Eastern Texas
Woody Guthrie
Folk music of
Ireland Wales Scotland England

6. Joe Hill
Joe Hill personifies the tradition of political song. Born in Sweden, he migrated to the US and in 1910 joined the Industrial Workers of the World - the "Wobblies".
Over the next five years he campaigned for many working class causes. He became a popular song-writer with a gift for capturing the meaning of these causes in song.

7. Joe Hill
In 1914, during bitter struggles over free speech in Utah, Joe Hill was framed on a murder charge. Despite appeals from President Wilson and the Swedish government, Joe Hill was executed on November 19th, 1915.
His body was taken to Chicago where over 30,000 people attended his funeral procession and eulogies were read in nine languages

8. Joe Hill
Hill’s music was a uniting force for Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W.) labor movement.
He never recorded his songs, but his music was passed from person to person.
Certain songs emerged as anthems for labor movement. They are still sung today.
Modern students of music history have identified Hill as one the most influential protest artists in American history, an influence that can be heard in the work of songwriters as diverse as Woody Guthrie and John Lennon.

9. Joe Hill Chorus “Joe Hill,” written in 1935, performed by Phil Ochs
After meeting Elizabeth Gurley Flynn in the spring of 1915, Joe Hill composed “The Rebel Girl” in tribute to the women who served the Industrial Workers of the World.
Chorus
“That's the Rebel Girl, that's the Rebel Girl! To the working class she's a precious pearl. She brings courage, pride and joy To the fighting Rebel Boy. We've had girls before, but we need some more In the Industrial Workers of the World. For it's great to fight for freedom With a Rebel Girl.”
Flynn with other IWW organizers
“Joe Hill,” written in 1935, performed by Phil Ochs

10. Current Protest Music John McCutcheon
John is very generous in using his singing and song writing talents to support progressive causes.  For example, he toured Nicaragua on behalf of a children's literacy program, gave a featured concert at an AFL/CIO Convention and produced three recordings to benefit a community organizing group.  
Ashcroft’s Army

11. Current Protest Music David Rovics
David is a singer of anti-imperialist songs who appears frequently at rallies and protests.  He has had the honor in recent years of sharing the stage with many fine activists including Amy Goodman, Howard Zinn, Noam Chomsky, Ralph Nader, Cynthia McKinney, Dennis Kucinich, Barbara Lee, Angela Davis, Danny Glover, Desmond Tutu, Michael Moore, Susan Sarandon, Ward Churchill, Jello Biafra, Pete Seeger, Billy Bragg, Bruce Cockburn, the Indigo Girls, and many others.
Who Would Jesus Bomb?

12. Current Protest Music Pat Humphries and Sandy Opatow
Their song “If I Give Your Name ”  was the Grand Prize Winner in the Folk Category of the prestigious John Lennon Song Writing Contest.  The song sheds light on the silent suffering of family members of undocumented workers lost on 9/11 in the World Trade Center and was one of 12 grand prize winners out of 24,000 entries.
In May 2002, NPR featured the story of an underground "folk anthem" that was 'everywhere,' despite its having no commercial airplay and no major or indie label, support.  The song was "Swimming to the Other Side" by Pat Humphries.  Folk legend Pete Seeger, said, "The powers that be can control the media (but) it's hard to stop a good song Pat's songs will be sung well into the 21st century.”

13. “Pretty Boy Floyd”

14. This Land is Your Land Written by Woody Guthrie Performed by--
Arlo Guthrie
Bruce Springsteen
Taj Mahal
EmmyLou Harris
Little Richard
U2 (Bono)
John Mellencamp
Pete Seeger
and many others

15. THIS LAND IS YOUR LAND words and music by Woody Guthrie
Chorus:
This land is your land, this land is my land
From California, to the New York Island
From the redwood forest, to the gulf stream waters
This land was made for you and me
As I was walking a ribbon of highway
I saw above me an endless skyway
I saw below me a golden valley
Chorus
I've roamed and rambled and I've followed my footsteps
To the sparkling sands of her diamond deserts
And all around me a voice was sounding
This land was made for you and me
Chorus
The sun comes shining as I was strolling
The wheat fields waving and the dust clouds rolling
The fog was lifting a voice come chanting

16. Original 4, 5, and 6th verses—rarely sung anymore
As I was walkin' - I saw a sign there
And that sign said - no tress passin'
But on the other side.... it didn't say nothin!
Now that side was made for you and me!
Chorus
In the squares of the city - In the shadow of the steeple
Near the relief office - I see my people
And some are grumblin' and some are wonderin'
If this land's still made for you and me.
Chorus (2x)
Nobody living can ever stop me
As I go walking
That freedom highway
Nobody living can make me turn back
This land was made for you and me

17. “Leadbelly” -Huddie Ledbetter
Born Louisiana
Raised - east Texas
Died 1949 of Lou Gehrig’s Disease

18. Leadbelly’s “parole” song
Please, Governor Neff, Be good 'n' kind
Have mercy on my great long time...
I don't see to save my soul
If I don't get a pardon, try me on a parole...
If I had you, Governor Neff, like you got me
I'd wake up in the mornin' and I'd set you free
Bourgeois Blues
How Long Blues

19. Goodnight, Irene

20. Sweet Honey in the Rock Sweet Honey In The Rock
is a Grammy Award-winning
African American female a cappella ensemble with deep musical roots in the sacred music of the black church -spirituals, hymns, gospel - as well as jazz and blues.

21. Bring Me Little Water Sylvie
Leadbelly’s version