1. C-Band Telemetry Usage in Europe & Threats Update 2014 Guenter Mueller for Gerhard Mayer Former Chair ICTS European Society for Telemetry (EST) gmayer@gvm-consultants.com International Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum ITC 2014 ICTS General Session 22 Oct, 2014 San Diego CA

2. Agenda 1.Overview: European Allocations 2. Present C-Band Usage 3. Upcoming Threats from WRC-12 Resolutions & WRC-15 Action Items 4. Coordinated Actions 5. Conclusions

3. AMT Allocations in Europe L-band deleted, but still used in some countries. S-band for AMT applications (CEPT/ERC Rec.62-02E) - Core band 2300 – 2330 MHz - Extension band2330 – 2400 MHz Not harmonized, used in a part of countries, only ! WRC-07 C-band global5091 – 5150 MHz Region 15150 – 5250 MHz That is the only real harmonized AMT band in Europe !

4. Interference & noise scenario S-band: Billions of „Part 15“ and „3 & 4g-mobile“ devices can create significant out-of-band spurious emissions Spectral occupancy & interference studies in various regions show frequently noise levels of -90..-100 dBm in the band 2300 - 2380 MHz -80..- 70 dBm in the band 2380 - 2400 MHz C-band: WRC´07 bands 5091 – 5150 MHz (global) and 5150 – 5250 MHz (Region 1 extension) show -103…87 dBm Ref. FCC TAC Noise Environment Subcommittee NTIA Reports Spectrum Survey Measurements Wellens et al.; RWTH Aachen University, Germany

5. S- vs. C-band noise level 24h-comparison in Aachen /Germany

6. European C-band introduction Austria: Payload tests for border surveillance France: Airbus to test AB 350 et al. Spain may be later part of the Airbus network. Germany: DLR and Fraunhofer doing operational tests, Airbus Mil. & Space C-band vs. S-band evaluation. Airbus- Eurocopter in planning status, ops. expected from 2017 on. The Netherlands: NRL, systems procured. Sweden & Norway: VIDSEL Range: procurement C-band tracking station in process, test flights in 2014. Andoya Range pondering to introduce C-band. Switzerland: Armasuisse in planning status for 2017-2020. UK: BAES and Qinetiq in planning status.

7. Status of C-band use Austria Diamond Aircraft Systems: doing tests of payload systems for border surveillance tasks France AIRBUS: reception network 5091-5150 MHz,10 Mbps FM; change to COFDM TX, now available; C-band tests finished, FT A350 op`nal. Germany Airbus Mil.& Space: 5105 MHz, B=10 MHz, FT since 2013(small aircraft and Tornado), preparing project support from 2014 onward; FT UAV „Scout“. DLR: 5140 / 5180 MHz, B=21MHz, 5W,bi-dir.link (networked radio), test phase done, operational for scientific flight tests & project „Vabene“. RDE: URV tests, 4470 MHz, B 20 MHz (NATO support); FT UAV „KZO“. The Netherlands NRL & Navy: diversity up & dwn link, vessel to helicopter and vessel to (unmanned) Mine Sweeper „Seehund“, successful FT 2012

8. Providers C-band components & systems Artronics: S- & C-band tracking station prototype (2014). Insys Aero: datalinks for AvioXnet and video systems Kraus Messtechnik: complete networked telemetry systems, C band up & downlink STT: airborne components Zodiac:ground & airborne components, COFDM transmitter available.

9. New threat potential from WRC-12 Resolutions Critical Action Items to AMT C-Band Allocations by WRC-15 Action Items: 1.1: „to seek additional spectrum for IMT“ 1.5: „use of bands allocated to the FSS for Command & Control of UAS” 1.7: „review the use of band 5091-5150 MHz by the FSS” 1.17: „spectrum requirements including aeronautical allocations to support wireless avionics intra-communications”

10. Threats from AI 1.1 for the WRC-15 The primary future threat for AMT is the Agenda Item 1.1 "to seek additional spectrum for IMT” Interaction with IMT delegates revealed that reallocating additional spectrum in the range 2000-2500 MHz is their utmost priority and the commercial interests are prepared to pay enormous amounts of money for access ! Studies are already being conducted to find more bandwidth in the telemetry-intensive S- and C- Bands (2200-2400 & 4400-6700 MHz)

11. AMT C-Band threat from Broadband Wireless Systems The European Commission (EC) supports the specific concept of „Licenced Shared Access“ (LSA) as one form of sharing in other bands, too. DIGTALEUROPE recommends to the European Commission (EC) LSA-studies in the 5 GHz range; 5091 – 5250 MHz is one candidate „for the benefits of RLAN, WiFi and WiMax services“. German Spectrum Agency recommends AMT users to define protection critera in a joint European Study.

12. Threats from other AI´s for the WRC-15 New Action Items for the FSS, MSS and Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications (WAIC) also demonstrate threat potential to ATM C-band allocations: –1.5 “use of bands allocated to the FSS for C² of UAS” –1.7 “review the use of band 5091-5150 MHz by FSS” –1.17 “spectrum requirements including aeronautical allocations to support wireless avionics intra- communications” –All have to be tracked and analyzed by the ICTS very diligently & carefully ! Details were already presented in the “ICTS Region 1 Report “, update 2014.

13. C- Band test activities Airbus Toulouse initial FT with10 Mbps 10W-FM onboard with C-band gnd network, now with OFDM Transmitter. Airbus Military and Space prepared FT C-band vs. S-band, with small aircraft and Tornado. Airbus Helicopers did successful evaluation flights, using a Zodiac test system (5W, COFDM). Vidsel Range in Sweden did flight tests S-band vs. C-band (with Helicoper), inclusive interference studies from their C-band Radar.

14. AMT bands over 15GHz Requirements will further increase; WRC´07 allocations satisfying medium term needs, only Lessons learned from WRC´07: from identifying a specific need to a WRC decision one decade min. is required ! No chance for future augmentation under 15 GHz ! (Ref. US Study „15 GHz & up“,2009) „Bands already allocated to AMS from 15 – 40 GHz should be studied asap for AMT use and one band selected for a pilot demonstration “

15. Ka - band test activities Europen Soc. of Telemetry procuring prototype onboard and gnd system to evaluate Ka-band (27,0-27,5 GHz) ops; tests to compare with S- or C- band on small aircraft. Initial tests with a 24 GHz (5W, FM) system, using HAM radio components. Availability of a research frequency band, with no problems for licencening. Test flights on a small aircraft planned from 2015 on.

16. Drawback: budget restrictions for spectum stewardship Less contacts of AMT practitioners with CEPT and ITU delegates, resulting in less international attendance & influence on AMT interests. Well established contacts & links to Region-1+3 ATM practitioners and spectrum administrations will „dry up“, since not further cultivated. Result: Lack of information exchange to organise international coordinated countermeasures, to cope with present & future TM spectrum threats…

17. Countermeasures: Now what ?? WRC-15 Preparations are in process. Of interest and concern to AMT interests are: –Working Party 5B – maritime & aeronautical mobile services –Working Party 4C – spectrum utilization for MSS and RDSS –Working Party 5D – IMT Systems –Joint Task Group Meetings Work of regional project / study teams: –ATU, APT, CEPT, CITEL

18. Conclusions (1) C-band use in Europe Increasing interest in the EU is evident to use C- band. Introduction in 8 countries observed. Five vendors of EU-made on board and ground equipment on market, beside those selling US products. Further promotion of C-band use in Region 1 needed ! South Africa is key point, with its influence to the African developing countries. Further coordinated actions of the AMT community will be needed to defend the co- primary user status of WRC-07 C – bands!

19. Conclusions (2) Threats to AMT bands 2300-2400 MHz will be under severe threat by Res. 223 (WRC-12) with AI 1.1 (WRC-15) and the LSA lobby. 5091-5150 MHz may come under threat by AI1.5;1.7;1.17. 5150-5250 MHz considered by the LSA lobby as one candidate band for RLAN, WiFi and WiMax ! ICTS delegates must remain in the relevant study groups of the ITU Working Parties 4 & 5 and regional parties (APT, CEPT, CITEL) and for the preparation of the WRC-15. Coordinated actions with key countries,(in Asia, South Africa, South America) will be crucial to cope the threats of AMT bands !

20. Questions / Discussion