1. Cell Communication Chapter 11

2. Types of Cell Signaling  Local Regulators – molecules released travel short distances to other cells in the area  Examples: Growth factors (paracrine signaling) and Nervous system (synaptic signaling)  Long Distance Signaling – specialized cells release signal into bloodstream, travel long distances to target cells  Examples: Hormones in endocrine system (epinephrine/adrenaline) FIGHT OR FLIGHT!!FIGHT OR FLIGHT!!  Ehtylene in plant cells

3. Receptor Molecules Bind To:  Ligands that trigger response (pg. 213)

4. Receptor Molecules Bind To:  Rather than bind externally, some hormones can physically enter cell and bind to receptors internally (INTRAcellular)  Testosterone (Pg. 214)

5. Cell Signaling Includes:  3 Major steps  Reception  Transduction  Response

6. G-Coupled Receptors (Pg. 211)

7. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Pg. 212)

8. Signal Transduction Pathways  KEY WORDS HERE ARE PHOSPHORYLATION CASCADE Signal Relay protein Protein kinase 1 Protein kinase 2 Protein kinase 3 Response Protein RESPONSE

9. Role of Cyclic AMP (cAMP)  Back to G-Protein Coupled Receptors and epinephrine example  YES, it gets more complicated, but this WILL be on AP Exam  If its not, tell Ms. Frost to call me and yell at me for you!  The Role of cAMP The Role of cAMP