1. Winds and Ocean Currents

2. Latent Heat Transport 580 cal/g Surface wind Surface wind

3. 30 o 0o0o 60 o Northern Hemisphere

4. 30 o 0o0o 60 o Northern Hemisphere Something is redirecting the wind Hurricanes Fronts

5. The Coriolis Effect Due to the rotation of a spherical earth What is the circumference of the Earth?~ 25,000 miles How long does it take for the earth to make one rotation? 24 hours 25,000 mi at 0 o latitude 1042 mi/hr 0 mi/hr

6. stationary 1042 mi/hr

7. The Coriolis Effect Velocity at 90 o latitude zero Velocity at equator 1042 mi hr Objects moving in the northern hemisphere deflect to the right of the direction of travel.

8. The Coriolis Effect Velocity at 90 o latitude zero Velocity at equator 1042 mi hr Objects moving in the northern hemisphere deflect to the right of the direction of travel. 1042 mi/hr Stationary

9. 30 o 0o0o 60 o Northern Hemisphere The Coriolis Effect deflects the wind to the right of the direction of travel

10. 30 o 0o0o 60 o The Coriolis Effect deflects the wind to the right of the direction of travel

11. Equator 30 o 60 o Surface Winds Prevailing Westelies Tropical Easterlies

12. In the Northern Hemisphere moving objects, including air, are deflected to the right of the direction of travel In the Southern Hemisphere moving objects, including air, are deflected to the left of the direction of travel

13. stationary 1042 mi/hr

14. The Coriolis Effect Velocity at 90 o latitude zero Velocity at equator 1042 mi hr Objects moving in the southern hemisphere deflect to the left of the direction of travel.

15. Equator 30 o 60 o In the Southern Hemisphere moving objects, including air, are deflected to the left of the direction of travel

16. Equator 30 o 60 o

17. Calm air descending rising

18. Hurricane Track 30 o 0o0o

20. Sailing, Sailing… 30 o Trade winds (easterlies) Westerlies

21. Winds and Ocean Currents

22. Ocean Surface Currents 1. Solar Heating (temp, density) 2. Winds 3. Coriolis Forces

23. Density Mass (g) Volume (cm 3 ) Solar Heating and Density Water Expands as it is heated

24. Solar Heating Heat expands water near the Equator, increasing its volume and creating a bulge Equator

25. Solar Heating equator N S Heat expands water near the Equator Increasing its volume and creating a bulge Water flows away from equator Water flows toward pole

26. equator pole Sun’s rays General Circulation Earth Ocean

27. General Circulation (North) Surface Water equator 30 o 1. Solar Heating 2. Winds 3. Coriolis

28. Winds Guide the Direction of Surface Water Winds blow to the west between 0 o and 30 o latitude. 30 o 0o0o

29. General Circulation (North) Surface Water wind equator 30 o

30. The Coriolis force deflects objects To the right of the direction of motion.

31. East wind Winds plus Coriolis Force East winds blow water to the west Coriolis deflects water to the right (east). equator 30 o

32. East wind West wind Winds plus Coriolis Force Coriolis deflects water to the right in the direction of travel (east). Above 30 o, westerlies push water to the east. equator 30 o

33. East wind West wind Water encounters land and is deflected north and south. The bulk is deflected to the south, and Coriolis deflects it to the right Below 30 o, moving water encounters east wind and is moved to the west

34. Atlantic Gyre

35. Temperature/Energy Transfer cool warm cool

36. Unusual Example of Heat Transport

37. Ireland England Spain Gulf Stream

38. Ireland England Spain cornwall

39. Next: Ocean Fundamentals