1. Student Eating Issues Dan Diambri PSY 386 Dr. Armston

2. Student Eating Issues Eating disorders are less about food and more about how a student attempts to confront and respond to stress, anxiety and the pressures of life. Eating disorders are coping mechanisms that misuse food in an attempt to resolve emotional problems.

3. Diet Good nutrition is linked to learning readiness, academic achievement, decreased discipline problems, and decreased emotional problems. Studies have shown that children who eat school lunches consume more fruit, vegetables, and dairy foods than children who bring meals from home. School lunch meals were shown to provide more protein, fiber, vitamins A, D, B, folate, niacin, calcium, iron, and zinc.

4. National School Lunch Program Federally assisted meal program operating in over 100,000 public and nonprofit private schools and residential child care institutions. Provides nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children Provides lunches to ~30.5 million students everyday

5. NSLP Criteria No more than 30 percent of an individual's calories come from fat Less than 10 percent from saturated fat Provide one-third of the Recommended Dietary Allowances of protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, iron, calcium, and calories Low cholesterol diet Provide plenty of grains, vegetables, and fruits

6. RDA of Calories Calories

7. NSLP Flaws Endorsement deals may dictate and advertise unhealthiest options available in schools Vending Machines / Soft Drink Machines Elementary School: Trading foods, only eating snacks, throwing away fruit/vegetable servings Junior High / High School: Students buying too little or too much food Overall = POOR STUDENT CHOICES

8. Obesity Extreme overweight in relation to age, sex, height, and body type About 15.5 percent of adolescents (ages 12 to 19) and 15.3 percent of children (ages 6 to 11) are obese.

9. Causes of Obesity Physical Activity - Lack of regular exercise Sedentary behavior - High frequency of television viewing, computer usage, and similar behavior that takes up time that can be used for physical activity Socioeconomic Status - Low family incomes and non- working parents. Eating Habits - Over-consumption of high-calorie foods. Some eating patterns that have been associated with this behavior are eating when not hungry, eating while watching TV or doing homework. Environment - Over-exposure to advertising of foods that promote high-calorie foods and lack of recreational facilities.

10. CNN Video Fed up: America’s Killer Diet

11. Diet Solutions Healthier choices (milk/juice in vending machines instead of Coke) Eliminate vending machines all together No trading foods in elementary school Portion control (set limits) Limit/eliminate advertisements in schools Adrian got weekly visits from doctors, nutritionists, and personal trainers (extreme) Parents have to be role models for healthy eating… but don’t obsess about it because…

12. National Association Study

13. Prevalence Statistics It is estimated that 8 million Americans have an eating disorder – seven million women and one million men Two to three in 100 American women suffers from bulimia One in 200 American women suffers from anorexia

14. Adolescent/Student Statistics Anorexia is the 3rd most common chronic illness among adolescents 95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25 50% of girls between the ages of 11 and 13 see themselves as overweight 80% of 13-year-olds have attempted to lose weight

15. Mortality Statistics Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness 5 – 10% of anorexics die within 10 years after contracting the disease; 18-20% of anorexics die after 20 years and only 30 – 40% ever fully recover The mortality rate associated with anorexia nervosa is 12 times higher than the death rate of ALL causes of death for females 15 – 24 years old. 20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems

16. Treatment Statistics Only 1 in 10 people with eating disorders receive treatment About 80% of the girls/women who have accessed care for their eating disorders do not get the intensity of treatment they need to stay in recovery – they are often sent home weeks earlier than the recommended stay Treatment of an eating disorder in the US ranges from $500 per day to $2,000 per day. The average cost for a month of inpatient treatment is $30,000. It is estimated that individuals with eating disorders need anywhere from 3 – 6 months of inpatient care. The cost of outpatient treatment, including therapy and medical monitoring, can extend to $100,000 or more

17. Professional Help Medical Doctor Nutritionist Therapist Personal Trainer School Counselor

18. Role of Doctors Keeps track of a person's medical health by checking height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, and temperature Draw blood for lab tests, to make sure the chemicals in the body called electrolytes are stable The doctor will likely discuss treatments such as healthy eating, weight stabilization, calcium and vitamin supplements, exercise, hormone replacement, and possibly medication for anxiety or depression. Nutritionist referrals

19. Nutritionists / Dieticians Nutritionists help to create a safe eating plan and answer questions about food Discusses the harmful myths about food and diet and help guide you to healthy eating and healthy living Rachael Richardson is a registered dietitian and a licensed nutritionist.

20. Role of Trainers Help to be a source of credible, nutrition info. Develop safe exercise routines. Have to be role models at the gym Steve Turano is a personal trainer for Body Performance Inc.

21. Role of Therapists Improve body image and self-esteem and address other emotional issues. Provides time and space to confidentially discuss needs, goals, and understanding of eating problems. Therapy helps to explore eating disordered thinking and behaviors and learn strategies to become healthy. Kathryn J. Zerbe, M.D., is Professor and Vice Chairperson for Psychotherapy in the Department of Psychiatry at Oregon Health and Science University.

22. EAT-26 Test EAT-26 Test The EAT-26, or Eating Attitudes Test, is a widely-used eating disorder screening test that can help you determine whether you may have an eating disorder, whether anorexia, bulimia, or something else After scoring each item, add the scores for a total. If your score is over 20, it’s recommended that you discuss your responses with a counselor

23. Role of School Counselors School counselors are in a position to identify at- risk individuals, implement effective school- based prevention programs, make appropriate referrals, and provide support for recovering individuals. They are in a unique position to detect students' changing attitudes around food, weight, and body shape; act as role models for students; positively influence a wide range of the at-risk population for developing eating disorders; and convey important messages about healthy behaviors and stress management

24. What School Counselors Look For Preoccupation with body weight Obsession with calories and food Constant dieting Rapid weight loss/gain Use of laxatives or diet pills Compulsive exercising Excuses not to eat Bathroom trips after meals Wearing baggy clothes

25. What School Counselors Do? Express concern Do NOT force students to eat Observe, describe, and document Encourage students to seek help Consult with parents and students Consult with school-based team (teachers, social worker, etc). Educate / provide group help

26. Assessment Questions How many of these statements can you relate to? I am preoccupied with being thin or becoming thinner During exercise I always want to work harder to burn more calories I only eat diet foods I feel like everything in my life is focused around food and weight Others pressure me to eat I eat even when I feel full I am always on a diet I hide foods and eat secretly I never eat foods that can cause weight gain I do not like the feeling of being full I have the impulse to vomit after meals Weight has impacted the quality of my life and activities I enjoy I categorize foods into "good" and "bad“ Weight has impacted the quality of my life and activities I enjoy

27. What Have I Seen? Elementary School: After School Program Junior High School: Subbing / Interning High School/College: Friends

28. More Info. http://www.danieldiambri.com/armston.html Power Point Presentation Videos (CNN & Professionals) Copy of the EAT-26 disorder assessment Links to additional information