1. TRACE Downflows and Energy Release Ayumi ASAI Kwasan Observatory, Kyoto University Magnetic Reconnection and the Dynamic Sun 9 September, 2003 @St. Andrews

2. Downflow Motion Yohkoh (SXT) has found downflows above post-flare loops McKenzie and Hudson 1999 McKenzie 2000 velocity: 45–500 km/s dark feature often seen in the decay phase of LDEs Yohkoh/SXT : McKenzie 2000

3. TRACE Downflow Recently TRACE also has found the downflows above post-flare loops Innes et al. (2003) spectroscopic analyses with SOHO/SUMER  flow of rarefied plasma?  we examine such TRACE downflow motions with higher spatial resolution  we examine evolution of the region where the downflows are seen ex) : 21 April, 2002 flare

4. 2002 July 23 Flare Flare 2002-July-23 00:15UT GOES X4.8 NOAA 0039 (SE limb) Data EUV…TRACE (195 Å ) HXR...RHESSI microwave…NoRH NOAA 0039 GOES flux NoRH 34GHz NoRH 17GHz 00:00 01:00 02:00

5. TRACE (195 Å ) Movie East West EUV (195 Å ) images obtained with TRACE This filter is sensitive to 10 6 K plasma and 10 7 K plasma

6. TRACE (195 Å ) Movie East West Running difference movie of TRACE 195 Å images Downflows are seen as dark features

7. Time Slice Image TRACE 195 Å Time slice image downflow super hot plasma (10MK) post-flare loop (1MK) time

8. Velocity of Downflows downflow velocity: 100 – 250 km/s ~previous results Time slice image TRACE 195A slit B slit A slit B slit A

9. These TRACE downflows are seen not only in the decay phase but also in the impulsive phase and main phase Time of Downflows GOES NoRH 17GHz NoRH 34GHz 00:00 01:0002:00 Time slice image

10. Timing of Downflows TRACE 195A slit B slit A The timings of the down flows correspond to microwave/HXR bursts. Time slice image slit B slit A RHESSI 50-100keV

11. Timing of Downflows TRACE 195A slit B slit A The timings of the down flows correspond to microwave/HXR bursts. Time slice image slit B slit A NoRH 17GHz

12. Ascending Loop Top TRACE 195 Å Time slice image super hot plasma (10MK) post-flare loop (1MK) time ascending velocity ~ 40 km/s ~ 20 km/s

13. Ascending Motion (TRACE) ascending velocity is enhanced when nonthermal bursts occur height velocity superhot region moving upward as the flare progresses HXR microwave

14. Ascending Motion (RHESSI) Krucker 2003 height velocity HXR coronal source is also pushed upward when nonthermal bursts occur microwave HXR

15. Summary Features of the TRACE Downflow Motion – speed : 100-250 km/s – seen in the impulsive-main-decay phase Downflows show good correlations with HXR/microwave bursts  downflows are closely related to reconnection outflow!? Superhot region ascends when the nonthermal bursts occur (Neupert effect)

16. Multiple Plasmoid Ejection Time slice image 2000 November 24 flare shows many plasmoid ejections, and each of them is ejected at the time corresponding to the HXR burst. Takasaki (2003) Yohkoh/SXT Multiple plasmoid-ejections

17. Reconnection Outflow? plasmoid ejection Many plasmoids (magnetic islands) are formed in a current sheet. They consist the reconnection outflows.  upward ejection : plasmoid ejections  downward ejection : downflows

18. What are Downflows…? Tandokoro (2003) propagation of reconnection outflows

19. What are Downflows…? simulationobservation

20. Evolution of H  Ribbon projected separation velocity ~ 7 km/s slit ↓ corrected separation velocity ~ 25 km/s