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Chapter 3 Reading a Set of Data. CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-2 Reading a Set of data A Simple Payroll Program Problem: Write a complete.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 3 Reading a Set of Data. CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-2 Reading a Set of data A Simple Payroll Program Problem: Write a complete."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 3 Reading a Set of Data

2 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-2 Reading a Set of data A Simple Payroll Program Problem: Write a complete C++ program to do the following: Read in data containing information about an employee of a company. The data will contain the employee's ID, hours worked in a week, and rate of pay per hour. Compute the employee's pay for the week. Print the relevant information about this employee. Then repeat the same steps for the next employee until all employees have been processed. Count the number of employees processed and print the total at the end. Typical Data 1234 35.0 14.20 2345 11.3 5.87 Pseudocode for the Program: do the following for each employee read id read hours worked read rate calculate pay = hours * rate print relevant information count this employee print total number of employees

3 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-3 The while Statement The while statement (or while loop) repeats a group of statements while a given condition is true. The while Statement: while (condition) body (statement) of the loop CPU action when reaching while statement: It evaluates condition which can be TRUE or FALSE. If condition is TRUE, then: the CPU executes the body of the loop. when the CPU completes the body of the loop, it jumps back to the while statement and starts the procedure all over again. If condition is FALSE, the CPU jumps to the statement following the loop statement.

4 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-4 The while Statement n = 1; while (n < 10) n *= 2; cout << "The smallest power of 2 greater than 10 is " <<n << endl; n = 0; while (n != 20) { cout << "Learning C++ is fun!" << end; n++; } n = 1; while (n <= 10) { cout << "Enter a value for x:” << endl; cin >> x; y = x * 2; cout << "y = “ << y << endl; n++; } //comparison using a for statement for (n = 1; n <= 10; n++) { cout << "Enter a value for x:” << endl; cin >> x; y = x * 2; cout << "y = “ << y << endl; }

5 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-5 While loop trace Trace the values of the variables n and x. /* program loop */ #include using namespace std; int main() { int n,x; x = 1; n = 0; while (n != 3) { x *= 2; n++; } cout << x; return 0; } nx ?? Initialize01 n != 3 - True12 24 38 n != 3 - False4 Screen8

6 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-6 Using a while Loop To find the last employee, we can make up a fake ID to represent the last employee and test for that in a while loop. (Let us assign the ID for the fake employee is -1.) Pseudocode for the Program: int id; while (id != -1) { read id read hours worked read rate calculate pay = hours * rate print relevant information count this employee } print total number of employees

7 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-7 Interactive Data Entry The cin statement syntax: cin >> item1 >> item2 >>... >> itemN; where << is the extraction operator and each item is a variable identifier. Question: How does the operator know what to enter? Prompts & Interactive Programming: int id; double hours,rate; cout << "Please enter an ID: "; cin >> id; cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate;

8 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-8 Reading Multiple Data Values Example cout << "Please enter an ID, hours, and rate: "; cin >> id >> hours >> rate; To enter data for this call, the user types in three separate values followed by the ENTER key. e.g., 1234 10.5 4.65 (ENTER) The values themselves may be separated by any number of blanks, TABs, or ENTERs, but not by commas. Note: If a real value is entered, where an integer is expected, the value will be truncated. e.g., 1234.5 10.5 4 (ENTER) Note: If an alphabetic character is entered when a number is expected, the variable awaiting input will keep its old value. e.g., 1234 10.5 XYZ (ENTER) e.g., WXYZ 10.5 4.65 (ENTER)

9 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-9 Revised Payroll Program /* payroll program */ #include using namespace std; int main() { int id; double hours,rate,pay; while (id != -1) { cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; pay = hours * rate; cout << “Employee “ << id << “ worked “ << hours << “ hours at a rate of pay of $” << rate << “ earning $” << pay << endl << endl; count this employee } print total number of employees return 0; } FATAL FLAW IN WHILE LOOP!!! What happens the first time we reach the while loop?

10 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-10 Another Revision /* payroll program */ #include using namespace std; int main() { int id; double hours,rate,pay; cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; while (id != -1) { cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; pay = hours * rate; cout << “Employee “ << id << “ worked “ << hours << “ hours at a rate of pay of $” << rate<< “ earning $” << pay << endl << endl; count this employee } print total number of employees return 0; } ! WE STILL HAVE A FLAW!!!

11 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-11 Yet Another Revision /* payroll program */ #include using namespace std; int main() { int id; double hours,rate,pay; cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; while (id != -1) { cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; pay = hours * rate; cout << “Employee “ << id << “ worked “ << hours << “ hours at a rate of pay of $” << rate << “ earning $” << pay << endl << endl; count this employee cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; } print total number of employees return 0; }

12 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-12 Counting the Number of Employees Set up a counting variable to keep track of the number of employees processed. int main() { int id; //employee id double hours,rate,pay; int numemp; //count the employees numemp = 0; //initialize the counter cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read ID while (id != -1) { //check for fake ID cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; //read hours worked cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; //read rate of pay pay = hours * rate; //calculate pay cout << “Employee “ << id << “ worked “ << hours << “ hours at a rate of pay of $” << rate << “ earning $” << pay << endl << endl; numemp++; //increment counter cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read new ID } cout << "\nWe have processed “ << numemp << “ employees” << endl; return 0; }

13 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-13 One step variable declaration and initialization The statements int numemp; numemp = 0; Can be replaced with one statement int numemp=0;

14 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-14 Printing Numbers Neatly Field Width & Decimal Precision By default, C++ will print real numbers with up to six digits of precision. The number of digits appearing to the right of the decimal point is determined by how many positions are available after printing the integer portion of the number. For real numbers, we can specify how many positions are to be printed to the right of the decimal point. This is called the decimal precision. To specify the decimal precision to be printed, add the following statements to your program: cout.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield); cout.precision(integer_value); A call to cout.setf() and cout.precision() stays in effect for the rest of the program, until changed. If you leave out the call to cout.setf(), then the call to cout.precision() will specify the number of significant digits printed. 154.5 with a precision of 3 will print as 155 with no decmial place. The integer part (significant digits) uses up the 3 positions allotted. With a precison of 2 it will print as 1.5e+002

15 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-15 Printing Numbers Neatly Field Width & Decimal Precision To print a value occupying a specific number of print positions, we define its field width. This is possible both for real numbers and for integers. To specify the exact number of character positions a value should occupy when it is printed, use a call to cout.width(integer_value). A call to cout.width() only applies to the next value to be printed. It does not even apply to two values printed in the same cout. Left and Right Alignment (Justification) Normally, numbers are printed right justified within their field width. To left justify a number, insert the statement: setf(ios::left);

16 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-16 Payroll with output formatting /* payroll program */ #include using namespace std; int main() { int id; //employee id double hours,rate,pay; int numemp = 0; //count the employees cout.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield); cout.precision(2); //set decimal precision cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read ID while (id != -1111) { //check for fake ID cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; //read hours worked cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; //read rate of pay pay = hours * rate; //calculate pay cout << "Employee " << id << " worked " << hours << " hours at a rate of pay of $" << rate << " earning $" << pay << endl << endl; numemp++; //increment counter cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read new ID } cout << "\nWe have processed " << numemp << " employees" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): 1234 Please enter the hours worked: 35 Please enter the rate of pay: 12.50 Employee 1234 worked 35.00 hours at a rate of pay of $12.50 earning $437.50 Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): 1010 Please enter the hours worked: 56.5 Please enter the rate of pay: 45.89 Employee 1010 worked 56.50 hours at a rate of pay of $45.89 earning $2592.78 Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): -1111 We have processed 2 employees Press any key to continue...

17 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-17 Specifying Field Width #include using namespace std; int main() { double gpa,result; cout<<"\t\t\tTable of Function Values"<<endl<<endl; cout << "Grade Point Average\tValue of Formula\tStatus"<< endl; for (gpa = 0.00; gpa <= 4.00; gpa = gpa + 0.50) { result=(gpa*gpa*gpa+7*gpa-1)/(gpa*gpa-(gpa+5)/3); cout.width(19); cout << gpa; cout.width(21); cout << result; if (result >= 0) cout << "\tAdmit"; cout << endl; } cout << endl << "The table is finished" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } Table of Function Values Grade Point Average Value of Formula Status 0 0.6 Admit 0.5 -1.65789 1 -7 1.5 154.5 Admit 2 12.6 Admit 2.5 8.56667 Admit 3 7.42105 Admit 3.5 7.04867 Admit 4 7 Admit The table is finished Press any key to continue...

18 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-18 Specifying Left Justification #include using namespace std; int main() { double gpa,result; cout<<"\t\t\tTable of Function Values"<<endl<<endl; cout << "Grade Point Average\tValue of Formula\tStatus"<< endl; for (gpa = 0.00; gpa <= 4.00; gpa = gpa + 0.50) { result=(gpa*gpa*gpa+7*gpa-1)/(gpa*gpa-(gpa+5)/3); cout.setf(ios::left); cout.width(19); cout << gpa; cout.width(21); cout << result; if (result >= 0) cout << "\tAdmit"; cout << endl; } cout << endl << "The table is finished" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } Table of Function Values Grade Point Average Value of Formula Status 0 0.6 Admit 0.5 -1.65789 1 -7 1.5 154.5 Admit 2 12.6 Admit 2.5 8.56667 Admit 3 7.42105 Admit 3.5 7.04867 Admit 4 7 Admit The table is finished Press any key to continue...

19 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-19 Specifying Field Width and Decimal Precision #include using namespace std; int main() { double gpa,result; cout.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield); cout.precision(2); //set decimal precision cout<<"\t\t\tTable of Function Values"<<endl<<endl; cout << "Grade Point Average\tValue of Formula\tStatus"<< endl; for (gpa = 0.00; gpa <= 4.00; gpa = gpa + 0.50) { result=(gpa*gpa*gpa+7*gpa-1)/(gpa*gpa-(gpa+5)/3); cout.width(19); cout << gpa; cout.width(21); cout << result; if (result >= 0) cout << "\tAdmit"; cout << endl; } cout << endl << "The table is finished" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } Table of Function Values Grade Point Average Value of Formula Status 0.00 0.60 Admit 0.50 -1.66 1.00 -7.00 1.50 154.50 Admit 2.00 12.60 Admit 2.50 8.57 Admit 3.00 7.42 Admit 3.50 7.05 Admit 4.00 7.00 Admit The table is finished Press any key to continue...

20 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-20 The if-else (Conditional) Statement The if-else (Conditional) Statement: if (condition) statement_1 else statement_2 Alternate Forms: if (condition) { compound_statement_1 } else { compound_statement_2 } Example: Find the maximum of x and y. a) max = y; if (x > y) max = x; cout << max; b) if (x > y) max = x; if (x <= y) max = y; cout << max; c) if (x > y) max = x; else max = y; cout << max;

21 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-21 More Complex Payroll Program Assume that tax is to be deducted from employee's gross pay. For employees that earn less than $300 a week, the tax rate is 15% of gross. For all other employees, the tax rate is 28%. Modify the payroll program to compute each employee's net pay (which is the gross pay less the tax).

22 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-22 More Complex Payroll Program cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read ID while (id != -1111) { //check for fake ID cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; //read hours worked cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; //read rate of pay pay = hours * rate; //calculate pay if (pay < 300) //calculate the tax tax = 0.15 * pay; else tax = 0.28 * pay; netpay = pay - tax; //calculate the net pay cout << “Employee “ << id << “ worked “ << hours <<“ hours at a rate of pay of $” << rate << “ earning $”<< pay << endl; cout << “tax withheld was $“ << tax << “ leaving net pay”<<“ of $” << netpay << endl << endl; numemp++; //increment counter cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read new ID } cout << "\nWe have processed “ << numemp << “ employees” << endl; return 0; Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): 1234 Please enter the hours worked: 35 Please enter the rate of pay: 12.50 Employee 1234 worked 35.00 hours at a rate of pay of $12.50 earning $437.50 tax withheld was $122.50 leaving net pay of $315.00 Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): 9876 Please enter the hours worked: 10 Please enter the rate of pay: 14 Employee 9876 worked 10.00 hours at a rate of pay of $14.00 earning $140.00 tax withheld was $21.00 leaving net pay of $119.00 Please enter an ID (enter -1 to stop): -1111 We have processed 2 employees Press any key to continue...

23 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-23 The Conditional (?:) Operator C++ allows statements of the following form: variable = conditional expression; where a conditional expression is of the form: expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 expr1 is a condition that evaluates to true or false, if expr1 is true expr2 is the value of the conditional expression else expr3 is the value of the conditional expression Example: if (x > y) max = x; else max = y; can be written as: max = (x > y) ? x : y;

24 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-24 Using the Conditional Operator The conditional if statement if (pay < 300) tax = 0.15 * pay; else tax = 0.28 * pay; Can be replaced with the conditional operator statement tax = (pay < 300) ? 0.15 * pay : 0.28 * pay;

25 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-25 Using the Conditional Operator The conditional if statement if (pay < 300) tax = 0.15 * pay; else tax = 0.28 * pay; Can be replaced with the conditional operator statement tax = (pay < 300) ? 0.15 * pay : 0.28 * pay;

26 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-26 File input and output #include using namespace std; int main() { int id; //employee id double hours,rate,pay,tax,netpay; int numemp = 0; //count the employees //un-comment to redirect cin to a file ifstream cin("c:\\Temp\\prob3in.txt"); // ifstream cin(“con”); // open output file ofstream outfile("c:\\Temp\\prob3out.txt"); //ofstream outfile("con"); //un-comment for debugging outfile.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield); outfile.precision(2); //set decimal precision cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read ID while (id != -1111) { //check for fake ID cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; //read hours worked cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; //read rate of pay pay = hours * rate; //calculate pay tax = (pay < 300) ? 0.15 * pay : 0.28 * pay; //calculate tax netpay = pay - tax; //calculate the net pay outfile<< "Employee " << id << " worked " << hours << " hours at a rate of pay of $" << rate << " earning $" << pay << endl; outfile<< "tax withheld was $" << tax << " leaving net pay of $" << netpay << endl << endl; numemp++; //increment counter cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read new ID } outfile << "\nWe have processed " << numemp<< " employees" << endl; cin.close(); outfile.close(); //close output file return 0; }

27 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-27 Contents of input and output files prob3in.txt 1111 200.00 10.00 9999 10.00 15.00 -1111 prob3out.txt Employee 1111 worked 200.00 hours at a rate of pay of $10.00 earning $2000.00 tax withheld was $560.00 leaving net pay of $1440.00 Employee 9999 worked 10.00 hours at a rate of pay of $15.00 earning $150.00 tax withheld was $22.50 leaving net pay of $127.50 We have processed 2 employees

28 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-28 Payroll Program The following program contains these features Input from a file or the console Output to a file or the console Collecting information on the total netpay Computing the average net pay Determining the largest net pay and the id of the employee with the largest net pay

29 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-29 Payroll Program #include using namespace std; int main() { int id; //employee id double hours,rate,pay,tax,netpay; int numemp = 0; //count the employees int largestID; double totalNetPay=0; double largestNetPay=-1; //un-comment to redirect cin to a file ifstream cin("c:\\Temp\\prob3in.txt"); // ifstream cin(“con”); // open output file // ofstream outfile("c:\\Temp\\prob3out.txt"); ofstream outfile("con"); //un-comment for debugging outfile.setf(ios::fixed,ios::floatfield); outfile.precision(2); //set decimal precision

30 CIS 1.5 Introduction to Computing with C++3-30 cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read ID while (id != -1111) { //check for fake ID cout << "Please enter the hours worked: "; cin >> hours; //read hours worked cout << "Please enter the rate of pay: "; cin >> rate; //read rate of pay pay = hours * rate; //calculate pay tax = (pay < 300) ? 0.15 * pay : 0.28 * pay; //calculate tax netpay = pay - tax; //calculate the net pay totalNetPay=totalNetPay+netpay; outfile<< "Employee " << id << " worked " << hours << " hours at a rate of pay of $" << rate << " earning $" << pay << endl; outfile<< "tax withheld was $" << tax << " leaving net pay of $" << netpay << endl << endl; // comparing to determine the largest netpay of all employees if (largestNetPay < netpay) { largestNetPay = netpay; largestID = id; } numemp++; //increment counter cout << "Please enter an ID (enter -1111 to stop): "; cin >> id; //read new ID } outfile << "\nWe have processed " << numemp<< " employees" << endl; outfile << "\nThe total net pay is " << totalNetPay<< " dollars" << endl; outfile << "\nThe average net pay is " << totalNetPay/numemp<< " dollars" << endl; outfile<<"Employee "<<largestID<<" has the largest net pay of "<<largestNetPay<<endl; cin.close(); outfile.close(); //close output file system("pause"); return 0; }

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